זאגט די Gemara דתנו רבנן, די רבנן האבן געלערנט: אין מעברין את השנה בשני רעבון. We don't make a ibbur year, we don't add a month to the year if it's a year of hunger. And the reason is because if it's a hunger year, there's very very little food, and when you make an extra month, that means that it'll push off whatever food they have, the new food that ever came, they won't be able to eat for another month because of chadash, you can't eat the new crop till after the first day of Pesach. Not only wheat, all kind of grain. Yeah, all the dagan. So it's chadash. So it means that it will push it off for another month, so we don't If it's even that means even if that year the conditions of why we would make a leap year fit, it was there it definitely fit to it and really this would deserve a leap year, but if it's שני רעבון we don't. Well, they take everything into consideration. Yeah, if you have five years of רעבון, but like this so it's supposed to be this year, it'll be next year. It's not like we have now fixed calendar, every time they would decide separately. Huh? This year is very Rain, I know. Then תניא, it says in the braisa: רבי אומר, Rabbi says, there's a פסוק in in in מלכים: ואיש בא מבעל שלישה, a man came from the place called בעל שלישה, ויבא לאיש האלקים לחם בכורים, he brought to the נביא בכורים, bread בכורים, עשרים לחם שעורים, twenty pieces of bread of barley. Okay. ואין לך קל בכל ארץ ישראל לבשל פירותיו, there is no city in ארץ ישראל where the fruit, the grain ripens, יותר מבעל שלישה, faster than בעל שלישה, ואפילו הכי לא ביכרה אלא מין אחד, and still, what was ready was only one מין, in other words שעורים, ושמא תאמר חטים, you might think it's wheat, no, תלמוד לומר שעורים. Barley's earlier. Huh? And even that didn't come till late. It's in ארץ ישראל, a city, I don't know where it is. שמא תאמר לפני העומר, you might say this was early, no, before the עומר, תלמוד לומר תן להם ויאכלו. Give it to them, they can eat now. אחר העומר, it's after the עומר. So it comes out that this was a year that everything was that was there was enough time really things it was there was a reason אמאי לא, ראויה היתה אותה שנה להתעבר. There was a reason for this year to get to get a ibbur year. That means that the the aviv, the spring was supposed to be later, the way it was, should have been a ibbur year, and then this would have been in proper time. מפני מה לא עיברה אלישע, why didn't Elisha make it into a ibbur year? ששנת בצורת היתה, it was a hunger year, והיו הכל רצין והיו הכל רצין לבית הגרנות, people were all running trying to get food as much as they can, so he didn't want to push it off. Push it off. He didn't want to add an extra I said that before. He didn't want to make an extra month, that means that Pesach will be a month later, so the קרבן העומר will be a month later, and memeila they wouldn't be able to eat. No, no. Should have pushed it off because things wouldn't ripen yet. That means that aviv was supposed to be later. One of the things that they used to do to see if they if they see things aren't ripe yet, that means that whatever things would ripe always in Nisan, now if you make Nisan now, it still won't be ripe. So you make another month, so it should be later. So here they saw nothing ripened yet, nothing came yet. Only the only thing that even the earliest one that ripe the fastest were just right now. Just barley. So memeila this was a reason why they should make a ibbur year, right, and they didn't because it was a hunger year. Right, there were many a few things, but this is one of the things. Yeah, by the time it would come to this, there would be wheat already, yeah.

זאגט די Gemara ווייטער: תנו רבנן, די רבנן האבן געלערנט: אין מעברין את השנה לפני ראש השנה, that we before Rosh Hashanah, which means six months before, we don't make a ibur year. In other words, we don't announce the ibur year, we don't let people know about the ibur year before Rosh Hashanah. ואם עיברו אינה מעוברת, and even if בית דין announced, made a ibur year this year, but they did it before Rosh Hashanah, doesn't count. אבל מפני הדחק מעברין אותה אחר ראש השנה. If you have to, you do it right after Rosh Hashanah. The reason we don't do it so early is because people will forget. By the time it gets to Adar, people will forget, so we try to do this late, to let people know late as possible. So before Rosh Hashanah if you do it, it doesn't work at all. If you have to, b'shaat hadchak, right after Rosh Hashanah. ואף על פי כן אין מעברין אלא אדר. And the only month we're able to make into extra month is Adar, but you can't make any other month, say two Kislev, two this, you have to make only Adar. That's for other reasons. They might see other reasons. If they made the new year right after Rosh Hashanah. Well, they decided, you mean, right after Rosh Hashanah. They still won't know what's going to be, but could be they suffered the last few years that there was a few years, let's say four or five years in a row, that they didn't make ibur years, automatically they have to make it ibur years because you can't have so much. And still, you would you don't tell people before Rosh Hashanah. So the reason for Adar is the only one, what would be, what's the logic? Gemara learns off from a pasuk. That's it? It's not it's not a logical reason for the time of the year how things work out? That Shavuos should No, no. Sukkos should come out at a time of harvest. So the גמרא, איני? How could you tell me that you don't do it before Rosh Hashanah? It's not true.

והא שלחו ליה לרבא. This was a message sent to Rava. Now this is a message written in code. They were afraid of the goyim, so they wrote and read like this: זוג בא מריקת זוג? זוג, a couple came from Rikat, means what kind of couple? Two talmidei chachamim came from Rikat. Rikat is another name for Tverya. ותפשו נשר, and the eagle got to them. Who's the eagle? The army, the partisans, the goyim. ובידם דברים הנעשים בלוז, and they carried things which are made in Luz. So, the ומאי ניהו? תכלת. I don't know if that's what they wrote in the שטר, of course not, the Gemara tells, what is what are things that are made in לוז? תכלת. But they didn't want to write it clearly in the letter, so they wrote, \"And they're bringing things that were made in לוז.\" ובזכות הרחמים ובזכותם, in the zechut of the הרחמים and in their זכות, יצאו בשלום. They got out in peace. In other words, they got out. They were arrested, I guess, and they got out. ועמוסי ירכי נחשון, and those that are the descendants of Nachshon, and who are the descendants of Nachshon? Nachshon was the father of the father of the father of David Hamelech. So all the נשיאים later on were descendants of David. So they meant to say the נשיא. So they said, \"the descendants of the feet of Nachshon,\" ביקשו לקבוע נציב אחד, wanted to establish a נציב. A נציב means a month. They wanted to make an extra month. That's how they wrote it. ולא הניחן אדומי הלז. Isn't a נציב like an officer? A נציב is an officer, an appointed person. That's a נציג. But a נציב also The גוים, אדומי הלז, the מלכות didn't let them. אבל, but, בעלי אסופות נאספו, the people got together, וקבעו לו נציב אחד, and they did decide to make a new נציב. A נציב really means an officer, but here they meant, the Gemara will say why it means a month, make an extra month. נמונים, those who are appointed. And when did they decide to do this? They wrote, בירח שמת בו אהרן הכהן, the month that Aharon Hakohein died. When did Aharon Hakohein die? אב, ראש חודש אב. Okay. This is the message they sent. So this was a message sent for next year! So in אב already, they decided that next אדר is going to be a עיבור year. So the גמרא קשיא is, before we said, not אדר, in אב, before we said that we cannot say it before Rosh Hashanah, and here we're saying that they decided in אב already. So the Gemara answers, חשובי חשיב, גילויי לא מגלו. You could cheshbon and you could decide, but you can't tell the people, you can't announce, you can't megaleh it, and that's why they So here they wrote in the letter this is what when they made the decision, but they didn't tell anybody till after, till after Rosh Hashanah. They were so hidden in that hidden language That's not why it was hidden. It was hidden because they were afraid of the goyim. Then the Gemara asks, מאי משמע דהאי נציב לישנא דירחא הוא? How is the word נציב, where does it mashma that this means a month? They wanted to add another month, so they use the lashon another נציב? The Gemara says, yeah, שנאמר, it says, ולשלמה שנים עשר נצבים על כל ישראל. Shlomo Hamelech had 12 נציבים, it says, on the whole all the Yidden. וכלכלו את המלך ואת ביתו חדש בשנה חדש בשנה, and each one was appointed to take care of the food a month a year. So we see that the 12 נציבים is connected to the 12 months. So mimela we that's they used that to use the word month. But then the Gemara says, how could you say it means month, וכתיב ונציב אחד בארץ? And in addition to that, there was another נציב? Now if we said there's only נציבים the months and there are only 12 months, how do you have another נציב? Yehuda veRav Nachman, it's an argument with Rav Nachman. חד אמר ממונה על כולם. One says it means one person in charge of all 12, so really there were 12 because of the 12 months went out. וחד אמר כנגד חדש העיבור, one says in the 13th in the in the those years when there was an extra month, there's 13 months, so they have another נציב who is who was a חודש העיבור. Yeah.

Always wonder, we have the 12 mazalot, every month is a different mazal. What happens when there's an עיבור year? The twelve mazalot are the solar year. Solar, exactly. That's the answer. Yeah. Of course. It's a gute teirutz. So twelve mazalot is is not linked with the month, not linked with our calendar. It fits together, right, it's more than our month. More than Hebrew. Ah? No, but it comes out that be'erech it shines the the be'erech to the time. So, but not exactly, not exactly. What? Sometimes we have 15 Yeah, so it's always a little bit off, and then it evens out. No, it's off 11 days, and then it's off 22 days, and then it goes a little bit behind, and does that's how it goes. So when we're born on our birthday, when we're born, our mazal is is depend upon what the date is in the in the solar calendar? But the mazalot, no, depends on the day you're born on the in the in the lunar calendar, but the mazalot that are there, they when we say there are 12 mazalot goes according to the solar. But there is a mazal that shines then, but why is it that mazal, that depends the cycle depends on the on the solar. But you go and your birthday is according to the to the lunar. So when it says that on the birthday the mazal is gover, gover, why is it according to the Hebrew one? Ah? But all the mazalot are like that. What does גובר mean? גובר is strong. I'm saying that's funny. That's, hey, that's why. So we say that on the birthday, your birthday, the mazal. So lichorah it's not the Hebrew one. And and when What do we learn this out from? Where do we learn this out from, Amalek? It says when Amalek came to fight with Yehoshua, they brought That's why, yeah, but that's what was mentioned earlier, but they called they got old people that that day was their birthday. What? Ah, yeah. Now the she'eilah is what kind of birthday did they have, the Hebrew birthday or English birthday? Must have been English birthday. But I believe even though it floats with the Hebrew, so it still falls under the same mazal. Even though the Hebrew calendar floats, it doesn't float that much that you would leave the mazal. No, no. For the mazal is גובר that for over a month, over a month period, even though the Hebrew date floats. No, so your mazal So your mazal will be גובר every day of the You still get the same mazal, that's what But that's not not if you're born on a leap year and What if you're born on אדר שני? What's your mazal if you're born on אדר שני? It's saying it's all part of דגים. There can't be can't be דגים for the whole 60 days. You have 60 days. It has to be that, and also there's something So it's a little bit off, it's off of Anyway, okay. Sure does. I don't know if that's with these 12, but it has to do with the mazalot. When we say מזל גובר we don't mean עפעס רוחניות, we mean the mazalot, the כוכבים ומזלות. You're born under a certain star, that's the star that's גובר. Well, that also It doesn't mean You mean a מלאך, not a mazal. We're talking about a mazal. You don't really mean under a certain star. What the What the mazalot are is the sun has the path of the sun is called the ecliptic, and the sun seems to be emanating from that constellation at a certain period of the year as it as they move. And that's called the mazal. You're not really under a mazal. The sun seems to be in that Oh, but they're You're talking about these 12 mazalot. But then there are other types of mazalot that we have all kinds of things. This is, nah, yeah, but when we say born and like it says in the Gemara, if you're born in a certain day, a certain מזל, מזל מאדים is on a Friday, and this So these are different mazalot, but they're all גשמיותדיקע מזלות. Can could change the mazalot. We have a connected to גשמיותדיקע מזלות On top of that, it says, no, it says לשון גובר, no, what was the לשון of the pasuk? One on top of the other? גבוה גבוה גבוה גבוה השומר שומר גבוה עליהם, those are takeh, but there is the lowest darga is a מזל גשמי. Yeah. So that mazal could be different גובר every different every year. A different mazal could be גובר every year. Yeah, but if they have the birthday, we say the same mazal every year, so לכאורה if it's the Hebrew date, it's slightly off if it's always the same in the in the mazalot. I don't know, but Yeah, but I'm saying the range that's It's בדרך כלל within is within Yeah, but if you're at the beginning of the month, maybe it's a little bit of the other side. It could be within the same mazal. True, that it should be. Yeah.

זאגט די Gemara ווייטער, תנו רבנן תנו רבנן האבן געלערנט: אין מעברין את השנה מפני הטומאה. You don't make a ibur year because of tumah. Means like this, if people are tamei, and you're going to say like this, if people are tamei, we're going to have to bring the קרבן פסח בטומאה. If most people How do you know people are going to be טמא פסח when you make the ibur year? But let's say you know that the נשיא, the כהן גדול is very, very sick, and the doctors tell you we give him two months to live, so it turns out the way the חשבון is that 3 days before Pesach he's going to die, and everyone is going to have to go to the לוויה. So they don't make a So everyone אמר רבי יהודה, Rabbi Yehuda said, מעשה בחזקיה מלך יהודה, the story with Chizkiya the king of יהודה, שעיבר את השנה מפני הטומאה. He did do, there was a case of tumah, everyone, a lot of people were tamei, and he made an ibur year. וביקש רחמים על עצמו, that's why he had to be mitpalel to the Eibershter, the Eibershter should forgive him for it. כתיב, it says כי מרבית העם רבת מאפרים ומנשה יששכר ולא הטהרו, it says, like, there's so many people from Efraim, Menashe, Yissachar, Zevulun were not tahor, and it says כי אכלו את הפסח בלא ככתוב. They ate the קרבן פסח not the way they were supposed to. כי התפלל חזקיהו עליהם לאמר, and Chizkiya davened for them saying ה' הטוב יכפר בעד, Hashem should forgive. So he learns the פשט, what happened, they were tamei, so that's why he pushed it off, which you really shouldn't have, it came out that Pesach was in the wrong time, cuz they really shouldn't have done it. And then he davened to the aibershter. So we see that really he shouldn't do it, but Chizkiyah did it. רבי שמעון אומר לא, אם מפני הטומאה עיברוה מעוברת. No, that's not the peshat. B'emet you shouldn't be me'aber because of tumah, but b'diavad it's okay. So therefore if Chizkiyah did it because of tumah, he had nothing to be mitpalel, because סוף כל סוף בדיעבד פסח was in the right time. Ela if אם ביקש רחמים על עצמו, why did he daven? שאין מעברין אלא אדר, והוא עיבר ניסן בניסן. You could only make an ibur year in Adar. What he did, but the moment ראש חודש ניסן comes, you can't decide to change. And he, on ראש חודש ניסן, he decided to turn that month, like when Adar finished, ראש חודש, the first day of Nisan, on ראש חודש he said let's make today the first day not of Nisan, but back of אדר שני, and that he couldn't do.

Rabbi Shimon ben Yehudah omer, Rabbi Shimon ben Yehudah says משום Rabbi Shimon, omer Rabbi Shimon, no, it's not true. He wasn't מעבר השנה. What did he do? And what was his tefilah? מפני שהשיאן את ישראל לעשות פסח שני. He made the Yidden make פסח שני, that's what he did. He wasn't מעבר השנה, and he made them make פסח שני when really they shouldn't. In other words, why not? Because mistama the whole tzibur was tamei. And and ציבור, יחיד נדחה לפסח שני ואין ציבור נדחה לפסח שני. If the whole tzibur is tamei you don't make פסח שני, definitely. Cuz if they didn't make פסח ראשון, too bad. You can't make פסח שני. And he made them do פסח שני. That was the problem. That's the peshat they brought the קרבן פסח in the wrong time. What does it mean he made them? Every yachid has to has to bring פסח שני, it's not a ציבור thing. Yeah, but the but he paskent for them. He told the Yidden what to do. He announced everyone should bring Pesach Sheni. They ate Pesach and they should push to Pesach Sheni? No, not Pesach. Pesach they can, but the korban Pesach. The korban Pesach, instead of bringing it on Pesach, they were tamei, so he said bring Pesach Sheni, which in this case they weren't supposed to do that, because it was