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DAYS ON THE JEWISH CALENDAR: CHESHVAN

Month of Cheshvan: Part 2

The custom of announcing 'Vayaakov halach l'darko' at the close of Tishrei, and what it teaches about carrying a distinctly Jewish derech into the ordinary, secular months ahead.

Part of Days on the Jewish Calendar: Cheshvan · 16:11

Tishrei's month-long immersion in ruchniyus, from the Yamim Noraim through Sukkot and Simchat Torah, gives way each year to Cheshvan's return to ordinary life, marked by an old communal custom of announcing that 'Yaakov went on his way.' That phrase is unpacked on two levels: leaving the 'derech Hashem' of Torah and mitzvot for one's own daily affairs, and the deeper charge to make even eating, business, and mundane activity distinctly a Yid's own way, l'shem shamayim. A further layer ties Yaakov's departure from Lavan to the libun ha'avonot of the Yamim Noraim, framing the move into Cheshvan as a continuation of the year's forgiveness rather than a break from it.

Audio Transcript
Tishrei's Total Immersion in Ruchniyus and the Announcement of Vayaakov Halach L'Darko

The day of 注专讘 专讗砖 讞讜讚砖 讞砖讜讜谉 represents the transition between the month of Tishrei and the month of Cheshvan, because this is the last day of the month of Tishrei when we start entering the month of Cheshvan. Concerning the transition between the month of Tishrei and the month of Cheshvan, it says in sefarim that there used to be a custom in certain 拽讛讬诇讜转, in certain communities years, years ago, that the shamash of the shul or the gabbai of the shul would make an announcement in shul at the end of the month of Tishrei saying that now starts the avodah of 讜讬注拽讘 讛诇讱 诇讚专讻讜. This is a pasuk that's written in 驻专砖转 讜讬爪讗, 拽驻讬讟诇 诇\"讘, 驻住讜拽 讘', after Yaakov spent many years in the house of Lavan, and then he ran away from Lavan, and Lavan chased him, and finally Lavan caught up to him. And after they made the deal as it says in pasuk, they made the Gilad etc., etc., so then the pasuk says: 讜讬注拽讘 讛诇讱 诇讚专讻讜, and Yaakov went on his way. So there used to be a custom in certain 拽讛讬诇讜转 that they used to announce in shul that now, after the month of Tishrei, starts the avodah of 讜讬注拽讘 讛诇讱 诇讚专讻讜, that Yaakov is going on his way. And the reason for this was because during the month of Tishrei we all know Yidden are involved in spiritual matters. The month of Tishrei is called 讘讞讜讚砖 讛砖讘讬注讬, the seventh month, and the Chazal say the word 砖讘讬注讬 also here means from the 诇砖讜谉 砖讜讘注, satisfy, it's a month that's satisfied with everything, it's full of everything, there's plenty of ruchniyus in this month. This month a yid is involved completely in spiritual matters, and in all 拽讜讜讬诐, all types of spiritual matters. First we have the Yamim Noraim, we have the fearful Days of Awe: Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, and in between that we have the Aseret Yemei Teshuvah. These are days that a Yid is involved completely in the 拽讜 讛讬专讗讛, in the concept of fear of Hashem, in 讬专讗转 砖诪讬诐, a time when a Yid is involved in teshuvah, beginning from Rosh Hashanah through Yom Kippur. Then comes the days of Sukkot and Shmini Atzeret and Simchat Torah, and even those days between Yom Kippur and Sukkot are also full of ruchniyut, full of spiritual inyanim, because those are the days that a Yid prepares himself to the Yom Tov of Sukkot. It's a time when a Yid is completely involved in preparing the sukkah, in preparing the four kinds, the 讚' 诪讬谞讬诐, the etrog, lulav, hadasim, and 注专讘讜转. It's a time when is known to be keneged the four letters of 砖诐 讛讜讬讛. It is known that the four days between Yom Kippur and Sukkot are keneged, they're parallel to the four letters of the 砖诐 讛讜讬讛, of the name of Hashem, which is 讬讜\"讚-拽\"讛-讜讗\"讜-拽\"讛, as it is known in the name of the Baal Shem Tov that the day after Yom Kippur he used to call 讙讗讟'住 谞讗诪注谉, which means God's name, that was a special holy day, and the same is with the other three days. So even these three days between Yom Kippur and Sukkot, which seem to be secular days, kivyachol, nevertheless we know that they are all also days that are full of spiritual activity. Then comes Sukkot and Chol HaMoed Sukkot, and Shmini Atzeret, Simchat Torah, 讝诪谉 砖诪讞转谞讜, when a Yid is full of simchah, joy of Hashem, joy in fulfilling the mitzvot of Hashem, joy of Yom Tov, etc., etc. So these are all spiritual matters, and this is the majority of the month of Tishrei.

Leaving the Derech Hashem of Tishrei for a Yid's Own Derech in Cheshvan

On the other hand, when we finish with the month of Tishrei and we come to the month of Cheshvan, that's when a Yid starts his regular, normal, ordinary 住讚专 注讘讜讚讛. That's when a Yid gets back to his regular cycle, regular schedule, when he goes back to work and he's involved in all the physical matters that a person is supposed to be involved. And this is why they used to make the announcement that now starts 讜讬注拽讘 讛诇讱 诇讚专讻讜. Now Yaakov, which represents every single Yid, is going on his way, because till then every Yid was involved not in 讚专讻讜, in his way, but in 讚专讱 讛砖诐. Torah and mitzvot and bichlal all the good deeds are referred to as 讚专讱 讛砖诐, they are the ways of Hashem. As the pasuk says in Parshat Vayeira, 拽驻讬讟诇 讬\"讞, 驻住讜拽 讬\"讟, as Hashem says that the reason I love Avraham Avinu is 讻讬 诇诪注谉 讗砖专 讬爪讜讛 讗转 讘谞讬讜 讜讗转 讘讬转讜 讗讞专讬讜, because he's going to command his children and his household after him, 讜砖诪专讜 讚专讱 讛', and they will keep the 讚专讱 讛砖诐, the way of 讛砖诐, 诇注砖讜转 爪讚拽讛 讜诪砖驻讟, to do 爪讚拽讛 讜诪砖驻讟. So we see that 爪讚拽讛 讜诪砖驻讟 is referred to as 讚专讱 讛砖诐, the way of Hashem. So when the pasuk says here: 讜讬注拽讘 讛诇讱 诇讚专讻讜, that Yaakov went on his way, which is not the way way of Hashem, but his way, the way of the person, this refers to the way that a Yid is involved in secular, regular matters, not spiritual matters. And this is what starts at the time of the month of Cheshvan, after we're finished with the month of Tishrei. We're finished with being completely involved in 注谞讬谞讬诐 专讜讞谞讬讬诐, in spiritual matters which are the 讚专讱 讛砖诐. Now starts the time of 讜讬注拽讘 讛诇讱 诇讚专讻讜. Now Yaakov, which refers to every single Yid, is going on his own way, is getting back to his own matters, the matters of gashmiyut, the physical things. And the purpose of this announcement was not only to tell the people, to tell the Yidden, that now you are going back to your ordinary way, because for that they wouldn't need the announcement. Everyone understood that now that all the 讬诪讬诐 讟讜讘讬诐 are over and they're finished with the month of Tishrei, now they're going back to their own ordinary ways. But, it was to teach them how to go back to their ordinary ways.

A Yid's Unique Way: Bringing L'Shem Shamayim Into Ordinary Eating and Business

Because in this 驻住讜拽, 讜讬注拽讘 讛诇讱 诇讚专讻讜, there is also a 专诪讝 of how a person is supposed to go back to his own ways. Because when the pasuk says 诇讚专讻讜, to his way, and we said before this comes to tell us that it's not the 讚专讱 讛砖诐 anymore, it's not Torah u'mitzvot, but it's ordinary 注谞讬谞讬诐, 讙砖诪讬讜转讚讬拽注 注谞讬谞讬诐. But at the same time, in the same word 诇讚专讻讜, there is a hint for something else. It says 讜讬注拽讘 讛诇讱 诇讚专讻讜. Yaakov went on his way. His way means his own way. There are ways that the whole world goes on, and then there is the special way that Yaakov goes. Yaakov refers, as we said before, to every single Yid, and what we're trying to say is that when a Yid goes back to his own way, it is supposed to be his own special way, a unique way, different than the ways of other people in the world. And this is what we're telling every Yid after the month of Tishrei, that even though now is the point when you are leaving the ruchniyusdike level and you are going back to your gashmiyusdike physical inyanim, nevertheless, you have to remember that even when you're involved in your gashmiyusdike physical inyanim, they have to be a unique way, they have to be your way, which is different than the way of anybody else. Which means that even though you are going back to physical things in which it seems that a Yid and a non-Jew are equal, because the ordinary things are not Torah u'mitzvot, they are the person's eating and drinking and getting involved in parnasah, getting involved in making a livelihood in business and all other physical matters, and these are inyanim in which a Yid and a non-Yid 诇讛讘讚讬诇 are the same, nevertheless, we're trying to say here that it has to be 诇讚专讻讜, his way, it has to be a special way of a Yid. Which means, very simple, that when a Yid sits down to eat, it is not the same as lehavdil a goy eats. Because when a Yid eats, first of all he makes a berachah before he eats, he bentsht after he finishes eating, he makes sure that the food he eats is kasher, and while he is eating, he's eating l'shem shamayim. He has in mind that the reason he is eating is so he should be healthy, he should have koach, he should have strength in order to be able to serve Hashem. When a person goes to business, the purpose of his going to business is to make money. Why does he want to make money? So by a Yid the reason is because he wants to have money to be able to buy a good pair of tefillin, to be able to buy a 诪讛讜讚专讚讬拽注 讟诇讬转 拽讟谉 and be mekayem the mitzvah of 爪讬爪讬转 讘讛讬讚讜专, he should have money to give tzedakah, he should have money to give his children a good Jewish education, and this is what he has in mind while he is involved in his business. So even though it would seem superficially that the way the Yid does these things and the way lehavdil a goy does these things it's the same, nevertheless, we're saying here 诇讚专讻讜, it's a unique way of the Yid. Which is similar to what the Rambam says in Hilchos Deos in the beginning of 驻专拽 讛'. He says that a 讞讻诐 is 谞讬讻专. You could tell a 讞讻诐, you could tell a scholar, not only while he's learning, but you could tell that he is a scholar even while he is doing many other things. He says 讘诪讗讻诇讜 讜讘诪砖拽讛讜, when he's eating and when he is drinking and when he's sleeping and when he's taking a walk, which are things that have nothing to do with 讞讻诪讛. And therefore it would seem that in these 注谞讬谞讬诐 a 讞讻诐 and a non-讞讻诐 are the same. Nevertheless, a 讞讻诐 is 谞讬讻专, you could tell that this is a 讞讻诐 even while he is involved in these things which it seems to be the same as if a person who is not a 讞讻诐 does it. And when the Rambam says a 讞讻诐, this is also a 专诪讝 for every single Yid, because we know that 讘讗诪转 all the Yidden are 讞讻诪讬诐, as the 驻住讜拽 says 讜讻诇 讘谞讬讱 诇讬诪讜讚讬 讛', all your children, meaning all the Yidden, are scholars of Hashem, so everyone is a 讞讻诐. So when it says here that every Yid is supposed to be 谞讬讻专, he is supposed to see the difference between him and non-Yidden also in these 注谞讬谞讬诐. And this is the hint in the announcement after Tishrei, in the beginning of the month of Cheshvan, that 讜讬注拽讘 讛诇讱 诇讚专讻讜. to tell us both things. On one hand, you should know that you are going 诇讚专讻讜, you are going to your own way, you are leaving the month which was full of 讚专讱 讛砖诐, full of the 讚专讱 of Hashem. And now you are going to your own 讚专讱, but you have to remember that this 讚专讱 you are going to has to be your special 讚专讱, the special 讚专讱 of a Yid. It has to be the special 讚专讱 of Yaakov, that you should get involved in your ordinary, secular matters also the way a Yid is supposed to get involved, which means to do it all 诇砖诐 砖诪讬诐 and to do it all properly.

Leaving Lavan Behind: Cheshvan as the Continuation of Tishrei's Libun HaAvonot

Then there is another 专诪讝, another hint, in the connection between this 驻住讜拽, 讜讬注拽讘 讛诇讱 诇讚专讻讜, to a Yid leaving the month of Tishrei and entering the month of Cheshvan. This was said in the Torah concerning Yaakov leaving Lavan and continuing on his way. The 注谞讬谉 of Lavan has a 专诪讝 to a very high 注谞讬谉. As the Chazal say in Midrash Rabbah, in 讘专讗砖讬转 专讘讛, 驻专砖转 讜讬爪讗, 驻专砖讛 注', 讬', on the 驻住讜拽 where the 驻住讜拽 says that Yaakov asked, 讛讬讚注转诐 讗转 诇讘谉, do you know Lavan? So the Chazal say there in Midrash that his question was, 讛讬讚注转诐 讗转 诪讬 砖讛讜讗 注转讬讚 诇诇讘谉 注讜谞讜转讬讻诐 讻砖诇讙? Do you know the one that is going to whiten your 注讘讬专讜转 like snow? Because you know 注讘讬专讜转 are hinted in the color red, and 诪讞讬诇转 注讜讜谞讜转, 讻驻专转 注讜讜谞讜转, when Hashem forgives, the hint is in the color white. And that's what the word Lavan represents, the concept of Hashem whitening the 注讘讬专讜转, forgiving on the 注讘讬专讜转. And Yaakov was leaving Lavan, continuing on his way. And this is actually what's happening when we leave the month of Tishrei and we continue our way onto, into the month of Cheshvan, Kislev, etc., etc. Because during the month of Tishrei, we get the 诇讬讘讜谉 of 注讜讜谞讜转讬谞讜. Hashem whitens our 注讘讬专讜转, starting with 注砖专转 讬诪讬 转砖讜讘讛, beginning with Rosh Hashanah, and then the days between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, and then Yom Kippur. These are all days of teshuvah, when a Yid prepares himself to get the 讻驻专讛 of Hashem, when finally on Yom Kippur Hashem forgives us for all the aveirot, as the pasuk says, 讘讬讜诐 讛讝讛 讬讻驻专 注诇讬讻诐, Hashem forgives us for all the aveirot. And all this is connected to the inyan of libun, the inyan of white. As it was in the time of the Beit Hamikdash, that on Yom Kippur the string, the red string, would turn white. This is also the reason why the Kohen Gadol would do the avodah on Yom Kippur with 讘讙讚讬 诇讘谉, with white 讘讙讚讬诐. This is also the reason why every yid wears a kittel, a white kittel on Yom Kippur, to show this inyan of white, that Hashem whitens our aveirot. And in certain sefarim this is connected to the pasuk, 讻讗专讝 讘诇讘谞讜谉 讬砖讙讛, etc., etc. So on Yom Kippur we come to the climax of the inyan of lavan. And also later on, when it comes to Sukkot and Shemini Atzeret, Simchat Torah, which superficially seems to be a different 拽讜, there we celebrate the 讬诪讬诐 讟讜讘讬诐 with simcha, and has nothing to do with forgiveness of the aveirot, it's 讝诪谉 砖诪讞转谞讜, but it is not so, as it is known that Sukkot is a continuation of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. It says that the sechach of the sukkah is a continuation of the 注谞谉 讛拽讟讜专转 that took place in the Kodesh Hakodashim on Yom Kippur. On Yom Kippur, the Kohen Gadol used to go into the Kodesh Hakodashim and bring ketoret, and it would make an anan, a cloud. So later on, this, in the 专讜讞谞讬讜转讚讬拽注 sense, turns into the sechach of the sukkah. And also it says that sechach, 住诪\"讱 讻\"祝 讻\"祝, represents the hundred 拽讜诇讜转 that we used to blow on Rosh Hashanah. We know that on Rosh Hashanah we have to blow a hundred 拽讜诇讜转 with the shofar, which is sixty 转拽讬注讜转, and twenty 转专讜注讜转, and twenty 砖讘专讬诐. And sechach is 住诪\"讱 讻\"祝 讻\"祝, 住诪\"讱 is sixty, 讻\"祝 is twenty, and the other 讻\"祝 is twenty. So the sechach of the sukkah is a continuation of the 转拽讬注讜转 that we blow on Rosh Hashanah. So we see that Sukkot is a continuation to Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. And it also says that what a person did not accomplish during Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, and 注砖专转 讬诪讬 转砖讜讘讛 through the 拽讜 讛讬专讗讛, through doing things in the form of 讬专讗转 讛砖诐, of fear of Hashem, he is able to make up and accomplish through Sukkot and Simchat Torah through the 拽讜 讛砖诪讞讛. And with that, we are also able to accomplish a 讻驻专转 注讜讜谞讜转, that Hashem should forgive us the aveirot. And it actually says in the Zohar that Hoshana Rabbah is the time when we receive the 驻转拽讬谉, the kvitlach of Hashem. So we see that even this 讝诪谉 砖诪讞转谞讜 of the month of Tishrei is still connected to Hashem's forgiving the aveirot. And all this is hinted in the word 诇讘谉, which means the whitening of the aveirot. And this is another similarity between the time when we leave the month of Tishrei to enter into Cheshvan, etc., etc., to the 驻住讜拽 讜讬注拽讘 讛诇讱 诇讚专讻讜. Just like 讬注拽讘 left 诇讘谉 and he was going on his way, when we finish the month of Tishrei and we are continuing into Cheshvan, Kislev, etc., we are also going away from 诇讘谉, we are going away from the time when Hashem was 诪诇讘谉 注讜讜谞讜转讬谞讜, he whitened our 注讘讬专讜转, and we are going into our regular, ordinary way of life. And this is what we tell every Yid, that even though you are going 诇讚专讻讜 after you are leaving 诇讘谉, you have to remember that it should always be 诇讚专讻讜, it should always be His way, meaning the special way of a Yid, that even though you are going to get involved in secular, physical matters, you have to remember that you should be different than the people of the world, that even in your secular matters it has to be all done as the 驻住讜拽 says, 讘讻诇 讚专讻讬讱 讚注讛讜, in all your ways. The same 诇讚专讻讜 as it says in 讜讬注拽讘 讛诇讱 诇讚专讻讜, here the 驻住讜拽 also says 讘讻诇 讚专讻讬讱, in all your ways, 讚注讛讜, you have to know Hashem, which means that you have to do it all in a unique way, it all has to be done 诇砖诐 砖诪讬诐.

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