Parshas Vayakhel
Why Rashi quotes "six days," not "the seventh day," to prove Shabbos overrides building the Mishkan.
Part of Shemot
The pasuk places the mitzvah of Shabbos right before the instructions for the Mishkan, and Rashi learns from this that the Mishkan may not be built on Shabbos. But Rashi's proof is built on the words "six days you shall work," not the more obvious "the seventh day is holy" — a choice that seems to need its own explanation. Working through both that word choice and why the Torah bothers stating that six days are for work at all reveals that Shabbos isn't a day carved out of a seven-day workweek but stands entirely outside the category of work, which is precisely why no task, however important, can push it aside.
Audio Transcript
A vort of the Rebbe for this week's parsha, Parshas Vayakhel Pekudei. In the beginning of Vayakhel, the pasuk says ששת ימים תעשה מלאכה וביום השביעי יהיה לכם קודש שבת שבתון לה׳. Six days work shall be done, and the seventh day should be holy, it should be a day of Shabbos, day of rest. And then, the pesukim continue about making the Mishkan. And Rashi quotes from the pasuk the word ששת ימים, six days, and Rashi writes that the reason He told them the mitzvah of Shabbos before He spoke about the Mishkan, to teach you that Shabbos overrides the making of the Mishkan, and you can't work on making the Mishkan on Shabbos. But the question is, we know that Rashi, when he explains something, he quotes from the pasuk in what we call the דיבור המתחיל, in the heading, only those words that have to do with what he's trying to say, whether it's connected to the problem Rashi has in the pasuk or the answer. So here, what Rashi should have quoted from the pasuk were the words וביום השביעי, you can't work. On the seventh day, you can't work. So Rashi should say that why did He tell them you can't work on Shabbos before He told them about the Mishkan, to tell you that Shabbos is so important that you can't do the Mishkan on Shabbos. Why does Rashi quote the word ששת ימים? He quotes the words six days, which means six days you work, and on that he says that He told them about Shabbos before Mishkan to tell you that it doesn't push away the Shabbos, Mishkan doesn't push away Shabbos. Rashi should have quoted different words, why does he quote ששת ימים?
Then the Rebbe has another question: בכלל, why does the pasuk have to tell us that six days you could work? All the pasuk should have said: Shabbos you can't work, and then tell us about the Mishkan, we'd understand that you can't even make the משכן on Shabbos. Why does it נוגע to the pasuk to tell you that six days you do work?
So the Rebbe says a very interesting peshat. He says normally a person would think be'emet all seven days are made for work. A person is made to work all seven days. But the Torah tells you that out of the seven days which are שייך, connected to work, one day I don't want you to do it. If we would learn that way, then you could think, okay, since every day is שייכות to work, even Shabbos is connected to work, but the Torah says don't do it, but could be if it's a very important type of work, you could do it on Shabbos, cuz essentially Shabbos is also a day you should work. So then you would think that to make the משכן you're allowed to do on Shabbos. Comes the Torah and tells you work is lechatchila made for six days. It's not a peshat work is made for seven days, but the Torah said one day you don't, take it out of the of don't work. Torah is telling you לכתחילה ששת ימים תעשה מלאכה, work was made for six days. And the seventh day, Shabbos, is not connected to work. So no one could even think that because it's an important type of work you could do it on Shabbos, it won't even come up. So when does the Torah really tell you that you can't make the משכן on Shabbos? By knowing that Shabbos is a day that's beyond work, it never was made for work. It's only six days. And that's why Rashi quotes the words ששת ימים, six days, telling you six days is the time of work. And then, on that Rashi says, by the Torah telling us that six days are שייך to work and Shabbos is not שייך, only six days are there, so Rashi says now we'll understand that you cannot make the משכן on Shabbos. Because it's, as important as the משכן is, but it's not a day of work. It's lechatchila never part of the category of work. That's why Rashi quotes the words ששת ימים, and on that he said that is what teaches us that you can't make the משכן on Shabbos, because only six days are made of work, this is beyond the concept of work. And that's why the Torah בכלל writes it. The Torah writes it to tell you that it's not a day of work at all, and therefore we understand that no matter how important the work is, you still can't do it. So that's why Rashi quotes ששת ימים, and on that he says that this teaches us that you can't make the Mishkan on Shabbos.