considered a melachah. The Gemara asks, קשירה במשכן היכא הוה? Where was there a tying in the Mishkan that you say that in the Mishkan they did it and that's why it's a melachah? אמר רבא, Rava said, שכן קושרין ביתדות האהלים. At the Mishkan, when they used to put up the Mishkan, they set the the the outside, around the yard, they had the קלעים, the canvas, and how did they make it hold? So, they used to tie it down. So, the down on the bottom they used to have יתדות. Rashi brings two peshatim whether it was heavy, very heavy and it laid on the edges of the קלעים, or it was actually banged into the ground, spikes, spikes. Whatever, but l'poal, they took the rope and they tied it around those יתדות, and that's how it held it up. So, here we have tying, that tying is a melachah. How the untying has to do with the building? Hold on one second. אמר ליה אביי, Abaye said, first of all, you have a kushya. קושרין? How could you say that this is where they take the melachah of קשירה because they tied this rope? ההוא קשר על מנת להתירו. That's a tying on condition, lechatchilah knowing that they will untie it. And we know that when we have a melachah of tying, it's only if you tie a knot not intending to untie it. And here when they tied it, they were intending to untie it. קשר של קיימא, right? It's not a קשר של קיימא. אלא אמר אביי, Abaye said, שכן אורגי יריעות. They had the יריעות that they covered the Mishkan, and they had to make it, they had to weave it. So, what happened when you weave יריעות? שנפסקה להם נימא, if middle of it you take thread and you make the יריעות out of it, what happened if a thread tears? קושרין אותה. So, you tie it to the next piece of that, so you make a knot. So, when and it's normal that making so many יריעות, I mean, it was like for sure that at one point they have to make a knot, broken, make a knot. So, that's where we had it.

אמר ליה רבא, Rava said, אירעת קושר, you answered where we find tying a knot. מתיר מאי איכא למימר? Where do we find in the building, like you asked, where do we find untying? וכי תימא, he says, oh, I might find it, דאי נתרמי ליה תרי חוטי דקשירי בהדי הדדי. What happens if a few times it happened and they had to make a knot, and then when they made the the the the material, it came out that the two knots were next to each other. So that makes like a big bump there. So what did they do? They would untie it. If that happened, שרי חד וקטר חד, so one remains tied, and one they would untie. So and that is also something that obviously is common, and therefore, probably when they made the Mishkan they had to untie sometimes. So the Gemara says, \"No, couldn't do that, because חשיכא, לפני מלך בשר ודם לא עבדי הכי, even for a regular human king you wouldn't do it, because when you untie, when you take away a knot where it is, the way Rashi explains, there's a hole left there, like a little hole, and that's not nice. Therefore, they would rather leave it, both knots next to each other, than to take off one knot. So if they didn't do this for a regular king, לפני מלך מלכי המלכים הקדוש ברוך הוא for the Aibershter, they would do it? So they didn't do it. So if they didn't do it, so there was no מתיר in the Mishkan. So where do we find מתיר to be one of the thirty-nine melachot?

אלא אמר רבא, רבא says, שכן ציידי חלזון קושרין ומתירין. They had to catch the חלזון. חלזון is the fish that they made the blue wool, the blue, so they had to catch it. And how do you catch it? You make nets. When you make nets, that's what they used to, sometimes you have to tie it, sometimes you have to untie it, that's the way it works. Mimela, that was done when they the melacha of the Mishkan, ah? That's, it's not a halacha, but that's the מקור. That's the מקור. No. What's not? That's what, that's not nice, not at all. No, it wasn't. מלאכת מחשבת? מלאכת מחשבת, he knew what he, yeah, yes. No, that totally happened by accident. It's not, it's not like knowing how to do it. It's fixed there. So common when you make this thread. Not all over the place, it happened, it could happen, it's not Yeah, that's not the Gemara's kashya. The Gemara has a different kashya that there is no מתיר. Yeah, because it's part of the Mishkan.

Part of the building of the Mishkan was to have תכלת. Yeah, part of the יריעות, they had to have תכלת. A lot in there, בגדים I mean they, cuz you have to remember the thirty-nine melachot were not in the workings of the Mishkan, in the daily working. It was in the making of the Mishkan. Which the Gemara asks, where do we find that they made a fire, cooked, they cooked in the Mishkan? You know, the, they cooked the קרבנות, they... בישול סמנים, yeah. No, so the Gemara says, בישול סמנים, when they made the סמנים, it's because it's not the the Mishkan, it's not the, like at the, the מלאכת המשכן. From? Yeah. No. No, but it's, the לחם הפנים is not part of the baking. Not from לחם הפנים. Was it just לחם הארץ? That's it. For the סממנים, called making the things. So making this the the קטורת, the making the things. It's the preparing. Also the preparing, it's not from the עצם, not from the Why why is catching fishing, catching fish? Because that's the way you make the Mishkan. Yeah. Because you have to make the Mishkan with תכלת. And to get techelet, you have to make the nets in order to catch the the חלזון. Wait, isn't untying also only if you are going to tie again? Was untying Only it's only untying is only you can't untie unless if you're going to tie again. It's mekalkel. Yeah, it's mekalkel. Mekalkel? Mekalkel is patur, so it's mekalkel is ruinous. Right, so if you're untying, you're ruining, yeah. So so here you're going to know that with the nets they would Yeah, tie tie it again, yeah. So they would have Cutting of the whatever the the plants was to make the nets, and shaving the trees just in order to, you know, to build the nets, twisting it into into the fibers. Certain certain things like that, you can't, yeah. Yeah, it's not the making of the לחם הפנים. Where is the חלזון? I think the Yerushalmi mentions that, but In the sea. The sea. So what is the sea, the desert? You know I was just thinking now to say it. Just wondering where did they get a חלזון in the מדבר? Yam Suf. Well, they sent the שלוחין to Calabria, so they so they sent it to the ים הגדול to catch it. Wait, wait, they were in the Yam Suf, weren't they? You have to look at the Radvaz, this question The feasibility of capturing חלזון in the in the מדבר. Right. זאגט די גמרא ווייטער, אמר רב זוטרא בר טוביה אמר רב, רב זוטרא בר טוביה said in the name of רב,

המותח חוט של תפירה בשבת חייב חטאת. Wow. Like if you let's say you have a thread that connects two pieces of material, how does it to hold? Cuz the way they do it is at one edge they make a knot, and you go and then you make a knot at the other edge. What happens if the knots untied and it got loose? All you did was you pulled both ends. When you pulled both ends, it tightened it. You're חייב חטאת. That's a melachah. You did a melachah of tofer, you did melachah of sewing. That's sewing. You know sewing does not only mean you actually take the needle, stick it in, stitch it. It's if you do this, it's like it's like sewing. Like tzitzit. That's kesher. That's a kesher. Is that considered kesher because the point where you make a knot, you're not allowed to sew No, you're not doing kesher, both ends are sewn. No, no, there's no knot there. You mean just from tightening the knot? Not a knot, it's not a knot. You take, okay, take two pieces of material. Yeah. You have two pieces of material. You want to sew them together. What do you do? Here. Uh-huh. You want to sew these two together, so you take a needle, go in, through. Now if you pull this edge, it'll take the thread out, so what happens? You make a knot when you start, then you go and you go and then you make a knot when you finish, and now it holds. What happens if both knots untied or something? Yeah. And now it got loose. So when it's not tight, it's loose. So what did you do? You shlept both ends. So now it tightened it and now it's not tight again. If there's no knot, it's going to come right back out. For the time being, it's tight. Now you you sewed it. Now you sewed it and last time it lasted until Purim. It holds, and if it's long, it holds, I don't know, and if it's thick, it means, but that's it. So that's called he says, המותח, all you're doing is you're you're stretching a חוט של תפירה, the thread of the sewing, בשבת חייב חטאת. If you did it beshogeg obviously חייב חטאת. Then he says another thing,

הלומד דבר מן המגוש, to learn anything from a מגוש, Who's a מגוש? Just a second, חייב מיתה. Oh, no. You're חייב מיתה. That's a problem. Well, exactly. והיודע לחשב תקופות ומזלות ואינו מחשב, if someone is able to calculate the astronomy about the תקופות and the מזלות and all the times of the חשבונות, ואינו מחשב, and you don't do it, אסור לספר עמו, don't talk to the guy. That's how terrible the guy is. Okay, now the Gemara: מגוש, what's a מגוש? Rav uShmuel, there's an argument between Rav and Shmuel. חד אמר, one says: חרשי. חרשי means מכשף. The guy does black black magic, a magician. But חד אמר, one says: גדופי. And the word גדופי comes from the word מגדף. מגדף means curses Hashem, but really what Rashi what means is someone who is really connected to עבודה זרה, which a guy like that always curses the Bashefer. So, you're not allowed to learn from him anything. Now, we don't know which one which peshat was said by Rav, which peshat was said by Shmuel. So the Gemara says: תסתיים, I'll prove to you that רב אמר גדופי, that Rav is the one that said the second one, that what does it mean that מגוש you can't learn from him, he's a גדופי, he's a guy who a real עובד עבודה זרה, why? דאמר רב זוטרא בר טוביה אמר רב, רב זוטרא said in the name of רב, הלומד דבר אחד מן המגוש חייב מיתה. You learn something from a מגוש, חייב מיתה. ואי סלקא דעתך חרשי, if you're going to say that it mean he held it means חרשי, it means the first guy who's a וכתיב it says לא תלמד לעשות, it says you're not allowed to learn magic to do, אבל אתה למד להבין ולהורות, you're allowed to learn to know to know how to פסקן משפט. A דיין certainly has to know what's called magic or not. So therefore, and if he said you're חייב מיתה if you learn in any case, can't be this. Must be a guy is an עובד עבודה זרה, you can't learn from him. סייעתא, that's the proof. זאגט די גמרא ואיבעית אימא רבי שמעון בן פזי אמר רבי יהושע בן לוי... That has to do with the building of the Beit Hamikdash? No no, this is nothing, it's a different Gemara altogether, no no. And you can learn other things from him? From who? This the the מגוש, מגושא. Which which one? Not... The the the first one? The magician or the other guy? No, the the magician. If it's not about magician, if it's not about sorcery, you can learn other things from him? Yeah. Okay. But from this other guy, you can't learn anything. Why? Because since he's an עובד עבודה זרה, whatever and he whatever you learn other things, he'll find an opportunity to shlep you... A magician, his problem is that he does wrong things. So if you don't learn things which are wrong, so fine. But the other guy, you got to be careful b'klal, stay away from him, because he's going to get you, you know, try to get you... That he's a מין! הדוק! It's not סתם עובד עבודה זרה, הדוק בעבודה זרה. הדוק means very, you know, dedicated. So the first one could be a yerei shamayim, he just does sorcery? A yerei shamayim? I doubt he could be a yerei shamayim! But he could be in other things he's not, you know, he just does the one thing. But this guy is trying to catch everybody, you know. Like with a missionary, don't not only don't speak about the religion with a missionary, don't speak to them about anything else because he'll find an opportunity, he'll shlep you in for everything. Yeah, so Rabbi Shimon ben Pazi in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi, in the name of Bar Kappara... Is

Christianity considered the same thing like a עובד עבודה זרה? Yeah. So like what about like a priest or something? Priests are also עבודה זרה. Well, wasn't Rashi like the friends with the priests? Not friends with priests, but they did it for הצלת נפשות, they for helping the Yidden. Oh. That's something else. Oh. And here is not this. אמגושא is not a priest. He's an עובד עבודה זרה, but he's not somebody who's looking to shlep you in. Not every priest is a missionary, but a missionary, their job is trying to catch you in. Right. A person who is like a Catholic priest, is he חייב מיתה? What? Catholic priest. Yeah, because that's עבודה זרה. Isn't it we learn on אין עוד מלבדו, that's how we really learn Hashem's presence because to the boy who... There it says אין עוד מלבדו אפילו מעשה כשפים. Oh. Chassidut says, what do you mean afilu, a big deal, the Eibershter is greater even than כישוף? Ah, so that's from כישוף. Even the חיות that even the מכשף gets comes from the Eibershter. That shows the גדלות of the Eibershter, he's so great that he even gives כחות to those who are against him. Right, but the Gemara gives an example... No, but the Gemara gives an example why you can't... I'm not saying that's not a good peshat, it's a wonderful peshat, but there's also the simple the peshat of the Gemara was that they said when the נביא told them that it's going to be a destruction, they said, \"What are you talking about? We'll make כישוף and we'll send the enemies away, and we'll do this, and we'll do that.\"