11 and a half. Really? Cleveland, 7 and a half till 12:00, yeah. It was 9:00 always. Huh? Not always, it's a Gemara shiur. Yeah, it was always 7:30 to 12:00. There's a big, I always thought he passed away in תשכ״ג, and I thought that he was 80. I thought it was 80, that's his, I mean, that's what I always known, he was born in תרמ״ג. He was three years, that's what I knew, three years younger than the Frierdiker Rebbe, but I was always wondering because he was a good friend of the Rebbe's father. The Rebbe's father was born in תרל״ח, according to my cheshbon he was five years younger than him, so later we found out he was born in תרל״ח. He was older than the Frierdiker Rebbe, so he was 85 when he passed away. Yeah, yeah, I was an impression of, because I always thought it was תרמ״ג, that's was, b'foal we figured out that he was born in תרל״ח. Where were you born? I was born in France. France? Then you came straight to Cleveland? Yeah, America, Cleveland. Cleveland, then to New York. Then I went to yeshiva in New York, yeah, by Crown Heights. Born, how many years were you in France? Six years, I was six years old. You know French? Not a word, not a word, not half a word. Where did you live, Paris? Yeah, it was Paris. I was born and raised in Cleveland. Yeah, he's more of a Clevelandite. Huh? No, 17 and a half. And many people, Rabbi Groner used to live here was from Cleveland, Rabbi Simon is from Cleveland, Rabbi Benzinger from Cleveland. Rabbi Benzinger was born in Cleveland? Okay, that doesn't mean, he lives in Cleveland now. Same with these are people in the middle of Miami which are all, a lot of Clevelanders. His father learned in Mir in Europe. Whose? His father learned in Mir in Europe. Which, Rabbi Simon's? Rabbi Benzinger. Rabbi Benzinger, that's it, but he learned in Telz, so it's all Cleveland people. Okay, we're holding here, ד' עמוד ב'.

All the hamshach to the pasuk were were in Koheles, which Shlomo Hamelech says you should do teshuvah before it's too late. Do teshuvah when you're, do good things when you're young, and later on when things happen you get old, so he's had many pesukim that he said that this is going to happen to you, this is going to happen to you, all kinds of things are going to happen when you get older, so make make sure to do it before. So now we're continuing, he says, do teshuvah, עד אשר לא תחשך השמש, before the sun becomes dark. שמש, הירח... So he says, he said, yeah, the pasuk says, עד אשר לא תחשך השמש והאור והירח והכוכבים. This says that still before the sun becomes dark, and the sun and the light is not there, the moon is not there, the stars are not there, and then it continues in פסוק, ושבו העבים אחר הגשם, and then the the clouds are going to come after the rain. What does it all mean? So he taytshesht every pasuk. עד אשר לא תחשך השמש, it's do it before the sun becomes dark, זה פדחת, that's the forehead. The forehead is the part that shines of the person. When you, a person dies, you get like, that's nothing anymore. Do it before the, your forehead, which is a mashal of the שמש... No, but it's supposed it's supposed to show the the zekenah how it... That's what he said, when you get old. That's, I said, died, I didn't mean when you die, he said do it when you're young, not when you're old. Because when you're, you know, like, yeah, I didn't mean what I said. When you get older, then this you don't have the the the, nothing left with the, you get wrinkles and it becomes old, so the שמש, which is the forehead, is no good, so do it before that. Even you don't have to do teshuvah when you get old, it's always, yeah, rather if you didn't do teshuvah before, do teshuvah later, but he's telling a young person, chap arayn, do teshuvah and do maasim tovim now when you're young, not when the things... You get more credit. When you, yeah, you get more credit because you have a taavah. When your taavot is not there and you have no yetzer hara anymore, it's a shvache yetzer hara when you get old. You don't know when you're going to die, so you do teshuvah... Every day! But you know, you get old, it's, they say that the יצר הרע פאר עריות becomes weaker, you get different yetzer haras. They say the yetzer hara of כבוד gets stronger when you get older. The yetzer hara of of of like this is the yetzer hara of money, the yetzer hara of of of other תאוות. The כבוד is is is... It's the worst! And it's not סתם כבוד, כבוד המדומה, stupid כבוד, כבוד that you think is כבוד, it's not even כבוד. But whatever, you get old, you become... We're we're getting there. We're all, that white beards and... I wonder what happened to the פדחת. Maybe the hair recedes, maybe that... No, no, no, the פדחת is the forehead. The davka, the forehead? Don't, take it out, that's not so white, so we're still, oh, we have more white. Okay, then it says that with the light will go away, that's the חוטם, that's the nose. הירח, the moon, זו הנשמה. נשמה is is weak. הכוכבים, אלו הלסתות, the stars, that's the two bakn, the two cheeks. ושבו העבים אחר הגשם, and the the clouds will come after the rain, זו מאור עיניו של אדם, that's the sight of a person, שהולך אחר אחר הבכי. If you cry, so then the the tears make your eyesight ruined. And the Gemara explains,

אמר שמואל, Shmuel said, האי דמעתא, the tears that a person has, עד ארבעין שנין הדרא, till 40 years if you have tears when you cry, and tears take out some of the liquids from the body, but it comes back, it's regenerate itself, but מכאן ואילך, after 40, לא הדרא, it doesn't come back, so if you cry, it dries up your body, which makes you old. ואמר רב נחמן, Rav Nachman also said something similar, האי כוחלא, כוחלא is a kind of medicine they used to put in their eyes, עד ארבעין שנין מרווח. Till 40 years, the more you put in, the better your eyes will get better. מכאן ואילך, after 40, אפילו מליא כאווסנא דגירדא, אוקמי מוקים, even if you fill up Rashi טייטשט it's like a a weaver's, yeah, some kind of כלי that's a lot, you'll put who knows how much of it in, the best that it could do is מוקים, אוקמי מוקים, it'll make the eyesight not get worse, אבל ארווחי לא מרווח, it won't make it better. So, it be after that, you can't make it better. So, the Gemara, מאי קמ\"ל, what does he tell? Huh? Have to find out what כוחלא is. Shmuel used to know that. Shmuel was a doctor, and Rav Nachman. So, מאי קמ\"ל, what's he telling? He says קמ\"ל דעולם כוחלא טפי מעלי, you should know that בכלל, the more you put in, the better it is, but still, only up to 40 it'll cure, it'll make your eyesight better, but not after 40.

רב חנינא שכיבא ליה ברתיה, Rav Chanina his daughter passed away, לא הוה קא בכי, he didn't cry. אמרה ליה דביתהו, so his wife said to him, תרנגולתא אפקא מביתא? What, a chicken died by you, or whatever? Your daughter died! You're not crying? אמר לה, so he said to her, תרתי? You want to do two things, תכלא and עווירא? תכלא means that there was death, that שכול, means that Yeah, that that child died, and you want me to become blind also? In addition you want a second sorrow, because you want you're asking why I don't cry, I'll tell you why I don't cry, because if you cry, and in my age, it'll make you blind. And סבר לה, he holds כי הא דאמר רבי יוחנן משום ר' יוסי, not even old, bichlal, like רבי יוחנן said in the name of ר' יוסי בן קצרתה, שש דמעות הן, there are six types of tears, שלש יפות, three types are good, ושלש רעות, and three are bad. של עשן, the one that comes from smoke, when it's smoke and it makes you tear, של בכי, from crying, ושל בית הכסא, These are the bad ones. Huh? These are bad, רעות. And של בית הכסא is when you have to, when it's things you, you know, a person has constipation and he, mimela, strains himself, so the eyes tear, those are all three no good. של סם, but the one that's made of medicine, ושל שחוק, and from laughing, ושל פירות, and from fruit, sometimes you smell mustard and it's very sharp, and it onions, and it makes your eyes tear, that that's not bad, that's יפות, these are good. But he said from crying, it's no good. Then the pasuk continues, all the משלים that שלמה המלך says what'll happen when you get old. When do we apply that by קידוש Friday night, brings back your eyesight, if this would help at this at this age? Yeah, it says it helps, because if you take a big step, it takes away your eyesight. Yeah. So, you say קידוש, it brings it back, but I don't know if for this it would help. Then the פסוק continues, that do teshuvah before, when you're still young, before ביום שיזועו שמרי הבית, that the the ones that guard the house will Tremble. tremble, will get scared, and then ונתעותו אנשי החיל, and the אנשי החיל, the soldiers, are going to become crooked. Who are these? This is also משלים for the body. שמרי הבית אלו כסלים וצלעות, the ones that guard the house and those are the כסלים and the צלעות. צלעות are the ribs, and כסלים are the Flanks, he says, Rashi. Huh? Rashi says flanks, your thighs. Yeah, the parts of the, there's certain bones there. And ונתעותו אנשי החיל, and the אנשי החיל, the soldiers, are going to become crooked, אלו שוקיים, that's the thighs. Then the pasuk continue, what'll happen also? ובטלו הטוחנות, and the grinders are going to become בטל. What are the grinders? אלו שיניים, those are the teeth. וחשכו הרואות בארובות, and those that see in the windows will become dark, אלו עיניים. What about the kidneys, also the grinders, sometimes they're mashing? Yeah, but here it's, lifts eyes, different times. So the Gemara weiter,

אמר ליה קיסר לרבי יהושע בן חנניה, the Caesar said to רבי יהושע בן חנניה, Rabbi Yehoshua ben Chananya actually was the person that always had disputes, ויכוחים with the goyim and they really, he was from the גדולי החכמים, the biggest חכמים. So once the Caesar, Caesar, asked רבי יהושע בן חנניה, מאי טעמא לא אתית לבי אבידן, why didn't you come to בית אבידן, בי אבידן? בי אבידן was a place like a gathering place, a a study hall where all the goyim used to have ויכוחים, used to have disputes and and and with the yidden, with this, the חכמים, so he said, why didn't you come? אמר ליה, so he said like this, טור תלג, the mountain became full of snow. Mountain is the head, the head is on top of the body like a mountain. Became white! What what he wants to say to him is, I'm old, couldn't come. So he says, the mountain became white, came snow. סחרניה גלידין, and around the mountain became became ice. So what he means is, that's first of all the hair, first what he meant is the hair became white, then he says around him is the the moustache and all this became white too. כלבוהי לא נבחין, my voice cannot be heard. and טחני לא טחני, my grinders don't grind, I have problems with my teeth, and I have problems with this, he meant to say, \"I'm old, I can't come.\" דבי רב אמרי, in that house of Rav they said, \"עד לא אבדית בחישנא.\" When you get old, you're looking for something that you didn't lose, which means like this, when when a person lost something and you look for it, you bend down, and you look around. When you get old, you're not looking for anything, and you walk around as a bent over, so you'll that's the rest that's what it means, that you're looking for something that that you didn't even lose. I mean, as if it looks like you're looking for it. תניא we learned like this, Rabbi Yosi ben Kisma Rabbi Yosi ben Kisma says, \"טבא תרי מתלת.\" Two is better than three, to walk on two feet is better than to walk on three. When you get old, and you have to use a stick, you have to have three feet. Two is better than three. וי לה לההיא דאזלא ולא אתיא, then he says, \"oy vavoy to this thing.\" He's going to say what, \"that left leaves and doesn't come back.\" מאי היא? What is that leaves that doesn't come back? אמר רב חסדא ינקותא, the youth. It leaves, it is a poem in Yiddish. The יארן, the יארן. Youth was wasted on the young? Huh? Youth was wasted on the young. That's a chasidishe say by a chatunah, no? It's a shame that that that a chatunah getting married is such a big thing. It's such a big inyan. It's a shame that it was given to young people. They don't know, they're not experience no, it should have been given to an אלטער ייד who's a גרויסער תלמיד חכם learned so many years, he should get married because he'll understand. In in Yiddish there's a song, a Yiddish little a Yiddish a song. I don't know if it's Yiddish, but it's a weltliche song, but it's אוי, וועיי יארן, יארן קומט קומט צוריק. I forgot how it was. דאכט זיך סתם No, no, no, no, not that one. In Yiddish, in Yiddish, \"יארן, יארן, יארן, יארן,\" something \"קומט צו קומט צוריק\", and the יארן answer, \"מיר האבן נישט צו וועמען.\" Something as a whole, for example, I I didn't hear that song in years. כי אתא רב דימי, when Rav Dimi came, אמר, he said, \"ינקותא כלילא דוורדא,\" youth is like a crown made of roses, \"וסבותא,\" you get old, \"כלילא דחילפא,\" and it's like a crown made of thorns. Yeah, you get old, you know, אלטער מענטשן, it's it's nature, they get upset fast and you know. Rashi says in חומש, בנגעי רש״י in חומש בנגעי בנגעי Yeah, he says בנגעי the amount of money you have to give by Arakhin, so there's an amount of money you pay when you're young and then after 60, man and the woman. So, a woman Everyone gets less, not that not the proportion doesn't go down as much. Depreciates, a man does, and Rashi says, \"This is what people say that if you have a woman in the house, an old woman, is a אוצר. It's a It's a treasury. And if you have an old man in the house, it's a grouch. It's a It's a you have the.\" So that's the famous I always tell the story of my זקן with with with Alexander the Great. My זקן told me a vort, the Gemara says that Alexander the Great was once sitting after he conquered these places, he's sitting with another king, and a couple of people came into after like a this a דין תורה in front of him, and the other king was watching. What's the דין תורה? So a guy says to the other guy, \"I I sold him a house.\" So he says, \"I bought a house from him, and in the house, I found a treasure. But I didn't buy it, so it belongs to the guy who sold me.\" And the guy who sold it says, \"No, no, when I sold you the house, I had this in mind, also.\" What? So So So the king who's sitting, couldn't believe it. Such an argument. And what was the פסק דין? The פסק דין was, \"You You have a daughter, you have a son, let them marry and give them the money.\" Whatever. But my זקן, I don't know if it's his own vort or not, he says, \"A פעלדיקע זאך.\" So who argues like that, that says, \"I want you to take the treasure?\" So he quoted this Rashi that the old lady is a treasure in the house. He sold the house and left the shvigger there. So So he says, \"I didn't buy her, take her back!\" He said, \"No, I sold I sold her to you.\" The old The old lady's an אוצר. It's that the Rashi is a אוצר. It's left for אוצר. So I don't know if it's his his vort or I heard it from him. Who did you hear it from? My זקדה. This my mother's her father alav hashalom. It's a very schmeidig. Yeah. תנא משמיה דרבי מאיר, they learn in the name of רבי מאיר, דוק בלועך ותשכח ברגליך, eat in your mouth, then you'll find it in your feet. That means if you eat plenty enough, then your feet will be healthier, and you'll be able to walk better. שנאמר, it says, ונשבע לחם, we'll be full with bread, ונהיה טובים, we'll be good, ורעה לא ראינו, and we won't see bad.

אמר ליה שמואל לרב יהודה, שמואל said to Rav Yehuda, \"שיננא,\" שיננא is an expression they use for a talmid chacham. Comes from the word yeah, the word שנון, which is sharp. שרי שוקיך ובלע לחמא, open your mouth and put bread in. Because עד ארבעין שנין מיכלא מעלי, till 40 years to eat is healthy. מכאן ואילך, after 40, משתא מעלי, then it's better to drink. And the Rebbe made a gezeira not to drink mashkeh till 40 He quoted this Gemara. That till 40 is not משתה, is not משתיא מעלי, not good to drink. After 40, then it's okay, then you can drink, but this is what it says. So till 40 is good to eat, and after 40 is good to drink. Who says the Gemara is talking about that kind of mashkeh? Nah, he used the lashon. Vadai not, the Gemara is not talking about that kind of mashkeh, definitely not! The Gemara is talking about regular. ובכלל when the Gemara talks about drinking, דרך כלל it is, it means wine. Yeah. When the Gemara in Ketubot talks about how much you have to give to drink to the wife, so this it's all it's all wine, because the regular, like we drink soda nowadays in the middle of a meal, they used to drink wine. That was it. In France they still do it, yeah, but in the Gemara's time, so this probably means also drinking wine. And the truth is, wine in those days was almost like משקה כהיום. Yeah, it's true. You had to mix it, very strong, so They make it in the house. Oh, people They make it in the house, people knew how to make it, now. Yeah, now. I don't know if you know how to make it, it's not Yeah, I think this is going to start like another vort, so I think we'll stop here. Yishar koach. L'chaim. Huh? The poor people, the poor people probably didn't drink wine. They did. They did drink? Yeah, that was the regular drink. They drink, it wasn't even so expensive. They drank probably cheaper quality, but they drank. Lots of times the the wine was cheaper than the than the שמן זית. Always, yeah. Depends which, sometimes שמן זית was more too, but that's Tomorrow Mincha