Still learning about these astronomy things which we don't know what it means. I don't know. So what he said before was that, two things he said before, that from עמוד השחר till נץ החמה is a space of five מיל. From שקיעת החמה to צאת הכוכבים, five מיל. And he said that the whole, the length of the whole world is 6,000 פרסה. A פרסה is four מיל, so 6,000 פרסה. That's what he said. And he made this cheshbonot outward. So now, the Gemara ask kashyot, the Gemara's continue asking kashyot. I don't know what he said, I don't know what's the kashya, we'll see whether we'll hold it, yeah. תא שמע. Right right over in here, right on top of the עמוד. Come and ask another kashya. Tanna D'bei Eliyahu, in the yeshiva of Eliyahu they learned, that Rav Natan אומר, Rav Natan says, כל הישוב כולו תחת כוכב אחד. The whole ישוב, ישוב means in the world you have very small part is the ישוב. ישוב is where it's inhabited, where people live. Then you have the ימים, then you have the deserts, oceans. So the ישוב, all is under one star. The size of one star. Which star? תחת כוכב אחד עומד, one star. Which? תדע ראיה, I don't know. שהרי אדם Sun was dying. Well, I don't know, fine. שהרי אדם נותן עינו בכוכב אחד. A person could look at one star. Okay, he sees it. So the star is right right on top of his head. הולך למזרח, if he goes all the way to the east, עומד כנגדו, he picks up his head, the star is right on top of him still. That means that it's still the same star. כנגד ארבע רוחות העולם עומד כנגדו, wherever he goes, the star is right on top of him. מכלל, so that proved that כל הישוב כולו תחת כוכב אחד עומד. So the whole ישוב is the size of one star, is is under one star. Now we see many stars in the sky. So obviously that the whole world is under many stars. If if how how much more is the And what's the world? Huh? So what's the world? The world means the like the ימים and the מדבר and all the other places, deserts. isn't big enough to cover. So then, if

one star covers the ישוב, and there are many, many stars that you see that are there, so obviously the rest of it is much, much bigger. So if, according to Rava who said before that the whole world is 6,000 פרסה, and the the ישוב, how much is the ישוב in proportion to the whole world? 10%? Let's say 10%. So if it's 10%, it comes out and and there are 100 stars, let's say, there, so and the ישוב is under one, so the rest of the world has to be 100 times as much. So the whole world has to be more than six 6,000 פרסה. Because we see how much the ישוב is, and the ישוב is definitely 1,000 פרסה, and there is there are many stars, more than five more stars. If it be only five more stars, you could say that the ישוב is 1,000, and then five more for the rest of the world, so all together it's 6,000. But there are many stars! Obviously there is more than 6,000. That the whole world, whatever it means the world is flat, I don't know, the whole world one end to the other, is much more than 6,000. It's a kashya. Teyu vta. We made We made a cheshbon before about Mitzrayim and Kush and That's a different That was a different beraita. It's 576 million. From before, actually. Yeah, yeah, yeah. It came out to, whatever. For the Gehinom? No, the whole world. Oh, that's uh. Ta shema, another kashya. This I understand less less than than before. עגלה בצפון.

There are different mazalot. There's different, every month is a different one. One month is שור, the ox. That's called עגלה, calf, same idea. Taurus. is in צפון. עקרב, scorpion, is in דרום. כל הישוב כולו אינו יושב אלא בין עגלה לעקרב. The whole ישוב is between עגלה and עקרב. וכל הישוב כולו אינו אלא שעה אחת ביום. And the whole ישוב only For as far as the star of a sun, it's only one hour a day. And he explains why: שאין חמה נכנסת לישוב אלא שעה אחת ביום. The sun comes on top of the ישוב one hour. Where do we see it? תדע ראיה, שבחמשה חמה במזרח, five hours of the day the sun is in מזרח, still on the east, 1/5th finished. בשבע חמה במערב, 7:00 it's already in the west. חצי שש וחצי שבע, only half of six, 6:30 and 7:30, that's עומדת בראש כל אדם. That's where it's on top. So this on top here is the ישוב. So the ישוב is that one hour. The mazalot are 12 hours. The whole thing is 12 hours. So it comes out that if the earth that the earth that the the ישוב if the ישוב is which you say is a peshat that's at least 1,000 פרסה, so the earth has to be at least 12,000 פרסה. Because this is only for one hour and then you have 12 hours of the day, so it should be 12. In 24 hours. No, but the day only where we see the mazalot. So it's 1/12, so this is one, there should be 11 more. So if this is like the 1,000, everything should be 12,000, not 6,000. So where do we get the cheshbon? So it's a kashya and no one has a teyu vta. So you say everyday the ישוב is under Taurus and Scorpio? Everyday, yeah. At a certain time, not during a certain time of the year? No, no, everyday. Don't know. I'm saying what it says, I have no idea what I'm talking about. Ta shema, I have another kashya. Huh? You could believe it. Yeah. I believe the Gemara, you could believe me. So,

see תא שמע דאמר רבי יוחנן בן זכאי, רבי יוחנן בן זכאי said, מה תשובה השיבתו בת קול לאותו רשע? What answer did the bas kol give to this rasha, the rasha meaning Nevuchadnetzar? בשעה שאמר, when he said, אעלה על במתי עב אדמה לעליון, I'm going to go on the heights of the cloud and I'm going to be like the Eibershter, I'm going to go all the way up to the Eibershter, okay? That's what he said, the greatest chacham. יצתה בת קול ואמרה, a voice from heaven came out and said, אמרה לו, said to him, רשע בן רשע, a rasha, the son of a רשע, בן בנו של נמרוד הרשע, grandson of נמרוד הרשע, שהמריד כל העולם כולו עלי במלכותו, with his kingdom he made the whole world go against me, and you're trying to do the same thing. You're trying to say you're going to go up to me, to shamayim, okay? Let's see how long it will take you. כמה שנותיו של אדם? How long does a person live? שבעים שנה, 70 years. ואם בגבורות שמונים שנה, if he is stronger, 80 years. Nowadays, you can live 95 years, you can live 120 years, fine. And the פסוק שנאמר, it says ימי שנותינו בהם שבעים שנה ואם בגבורות שמונים שנה, 70 or 80 years. Okay, so all you're going to live is 70, 80 years. מן הארץ עד לרקיע מהלך חמש מאות שנה.

From the earth to the raki'a takes 500 years to walk, to go. ועוביו של רקיע, the thickness of the raki'a is מהלך חמש מאות שנה, itself is 500 years. ובין רקיע לרקיע, then another between the next, this raki'a and the second raki'a, is מהלך חמש מאות שנה. Does that work out to that other cheshbon with the 1,000 פרסות? Have to figure it out, it doesn't at all, right? This is much more. For sure, that's what he said. ובין רקיע לרקיע, and between each, וכן בין כל רקיע ורקיע, the same with every other raki'a. So, you have seven reki'im, so you have here seven times 500 years, and then the thickness of the raki'a, it's 14 times 500 years, okay? So he's telling you you think with you live 70 years you're going to get there? So Hashem told him, אך אל שאול תורד אל ירכתי בור. You think you're going to go up? You're going to go down! All the way to the bor, fine. But the we see here how thick and how high the raki'a is. Now,

Rashi says that the Gemara learns out in Chagigah that the the length of the world is the same as the height. Same as the height of what? Height, I guess, till the raki'a. 500. So 500. Now, make a cheshbon how long is how many פרסה could a person walk in 500 years if he could walk 10 פרסה a day? We learned 10 פרסה a day, so how much could you walk in a year? Make it. It's 1,825,000. So if you can walk, say, 10 10 times 10 times 365 days, so 10 times you could walk 3,000 to something a year, times 500, how much does Make the cheshbon there. 1,825,000,000. Oh, 100 million? That's how big the earth is, and you're telling me it's 6 6,000 פרסה? What does that mean? I don't know. תיובתא, a big kashya on the one that said before. Yeah, because the other one A kashya from...huh? Or maybe you can't get anywhere. The difference is That's why it takes Could be very short, but it takes 500 to climb the earth. The difference is 400,000 פרסות, that's all. It's not too much of a difference. Yeah, but what does that mean, the world is is is is millions of פרסות, millions of We know how big the earth is. Could be he means the solar system. I don't know what he's talking about here. I have no idea. What is he talking about here? I don't know. It's the Gemara, it's a braisa, Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai, he's I'm not a מפרש. Zogt di Gemara vayter: תנו רבנן, the Rabbanan have learned: חכמי ישראל אומרים, this I'd rather not know what this means. They tried to explain to me. The חכמים, the חכמי ישראל say גלגל קבוע ומזלות חוזרים. You have like this: you have a גלגל, Rashi describes it, you have like a wheel, around the earth you have a wheel. In the wheel you have the מזלות. But the say what? The חכמים say the גלגל is like the standing Imagine you have a wheel of a of a wagon standing. Imagine you have a you have a wheel of a wagon, in the wheel you have little things put in and they're moving. but this thing is standing. And the way it says it's moving, it's not moving around. It's moving, goes this way and back, this way and back. These מזלות, they go this way and back. That's what the חכמים said. וחכמי אומות העולם say, the גוייאישע חכמים said גלגל קבוע ומזלות חוזרין, פקערט. The מזלות have that they don't move. They're set into the גלגל, into this wheel, and the wheel keeps on moving. אמר רבי, so רבי said, תשובה לדבריהם, I have a re'aya against them: מעולם לא מצינו עגלה בדרום ועקרב בצפון. These two מזלות, עגלה is is never is always in צפון, and עקרב is always in דרום. If they're, like you're saying, they're going around, they're they're moving, so sometimes the same מזל is here, sometimes it goes it could be here. Since it's always there and always there, assume that it goes and comes back, it goes and comes back, it doesn't move. מתקיף לה רב אחא בר יעקב, רב אחא asks, ודילמא כבוצינא דריחיא? Huh? He says maybe that's like the pole that's in the ריחיא. You have the stone of the mill, then you have the hole there, then you stick the pole in. So what moves? The stone is standing, this is moving. So I don't know how this is a kashya on them. אי נמי כצינורא דדשא or like the door that moves. You have hinges. On the top you have the hinge sticking out, and you have on the bottom, and the door is on, and the door swivels. Nu? So he says, so what's Rashi says it could be this is standing and the the thing is swiveling. Yeah? The דלת סובבת על צירה מפתח העליון ומפתח התחתון. This is in both, I'm just reading the Rashi, in both גלגל המשקף, you want to move the משקף, או מגלגל סובב על צירו. If you want, you could take the top move, this will stand and that will move. Good. So I don't understand why is this what is the kashya here? No, so what's the kashya? On on whose this kashya? On the chachamim? I don't I need to spend time to figure this out. Okay. So the Gemara continues, I want to finish with this. חכמי ישראל אומרים, the chachamim say, Yeah, definitely. Because that guy wouldn't understand it. It's a kashya on Rabbi when he was answering to prove I understand, how does it prove? I didn't understand how it proves. I know it's a kashya on what he said, on what the chachamim said, I don't I don't Anyway, the chachamim

say ביום חמה מהלכת למטה מן הרקיע. During the day the sun goes under the sky, which basically means on the other side of the Earth, ובלילה למעלה מן הרקיע. At night it goes on top. וחכמי אומות העולם, the chachamim of the goyim say, ביום חמה מהלכת למעלה מן הרקיע, during the day it goes on top, ובלילה למטה מן הרקיע, the bottom of the sky. Well, that time there was only one place standing. They stood in one place, there was no other side of the world, they didn't have America, they didn't have No. Try to when did the yeah, they figured out. They say that ביום the it goes למעלה מן הרקיע, and night under the רקיע. And what did the The that during the day it's under and the and at night it's it's like Yeah. ונראין דבריהם מדברינו. They I think what they're right. The re'iyah is שביום מעינות צוננין, by day the wells, the springs, are cold, ובלילה רותחין, at night they're hot. Why? It must be that the sun is under the under the earth at night. I I don't know, I think there is a Shita Mekubetzet here that that brings I don't know, I I I just remember from a long time ago that brings that really they didn't admit. What? What's strange that the chachamim should should admit to say they're right, and really it's not that, they didn't really admit, they just said it לפנים בעלמא. Does it bring anything? Yeah, it does. Oh, something Dispute whether Rabbi actually meant to agree, ah, or whether he merely meant that the weight of the argument on their side, but the Jewish sage nonetheless correct. One with maintained by Rav Hai Gaon Rav Hai Gaon as well by the Oh, the Shita Mekubetzet. The latter view with the Rabbeinu Tam, cited by Avraham ben HaRambam, following the former approach. Okay, but that Shita Mekubetzet bring that they they really didn't. He said that. He says this. Oh. Okay. Nu, in Gilyon HaShas. Yeah, yeah, the Gilyon HaShas brings the Shita Mekubetzet. What what does it bring? Does it bring it here? Here's the Gilyon HaShas. Oh, this this is what I saw. עיין שיטת The Gilyon HaShas says עיין שיטה מקובצת כתובות, שכתב בשם רבנו תם דאף על גב דנצחו חכמי אומות העולם לחכמי ישראל, היינו ניצחון בטענות, אבל האמת היא כחכמי ישראל. I knew that, I mean בתפילה בוקע חלוני רקיע. They won the debate, but still Yeah. No, they didn't have what to answer because they didn't know the answer. Not because you don't know the answer it means it's true. Like sometimes people ask you questions on Torah. What's your, what do you say? Says in Torah it's true. I, I don't understand, makes no sense. I'm not smart enough to understand it, but I know it's true. That's the same thing, they knew that this is obviously it wasn't only sevarot that they had, they had kabbalah, mistama. So they knew it's true. So when they debate they had nothing to answer. Couldn't argue, they didn't know the answer. Bagashmiyus, they knew baruchniyus. בדרך, like chassidus brings, שתק רב. A machloket between רב and another אמורא, and the other אמורא asked him a קושיא, שתק רב, רב was quiet, he had nothing to answer, והלכה כרב. Yeah. How, you had nothing to answer? But it says he had it, even though he didn't have an eye on sechel, but he had a ראיה דחכמה. Pashut he saw that it's true, they didn't have what to explain it, that's all. Says the Gemara right there, תניא it's in a beraita Rabbi Natan omer, Rabbi Natan says, בימות החמה, חמה מהלכת בגובהו של רקיע. Summertime, the sun goes all the way in the height of the רקיע. לפיכך כל העולם כולו רותח. Therefore the earth, the world is hot. ומעיינות צוננין underground, the water underground is cold. בימות הגשמים, winter time, חמה מהלכת בשיפולו של רקיע. The sun goes under. לפיכך כל העולם כולו צונן. Therefore the whole world on top is cold. ומעיינות רותחין, and the wells on the bottom are hot. תנו רבנן, the רבנן weiter learned, בארבעה שבילין חמה מהלכת.

There are four paths that the sun takes. Nisan, Iyar, and Sivan מהלכת בהרים. Goes on the top of the mountains. כדי להפשיר את השלגים, to melt the snow. Tamuz, Av, Elul מהלכת בישוב. Goes in the people where inhabited places, כדי לבשל את הפירות, to ripen the fruit. Tishrei, Cheshvan, Kislev מהלכת בימים. Goes in them כדי ליבש את הנהרות. Yeah. To dry the נהרות. That's not true everywhere around the world, so. Tevet, Shevat, and Adar מהלכת במדבר, it goes in the מדבר, שלא ליבש את הזרעים, in the מדבר. Not in the places where people live, where they have fields, not to dry up the plants. What does it mean? This whole thing, you know, when the world is round and it goes so there's places like this. Okay, this was said. Most, in Chumash you have the same thing. Chumash gives the זרע וקציר, רש״י says which which months. In the other side of the world it's opposite. But Torah's talking about that side, that could be. But they're saying One is בהרים, one is in in in בישוב, one is in ים, and one is in midbar. Places that Okay, now we go to a different inyan.

New perek, Arvei Pesachim. אמר רבי יוחנן, רבי יוחנן said, בנן של קדושים אומר. A person whose title was בנן של קדושים, the son of holy ones, what does that mean, the son of the holy ones? He himself was holy. Like you say bar mitzvah, he means the son of the mitzvah? He is called a bar mitzvah, so he was called בנן של קדושים. He said, אחת. When it comes to havdalah, you have to mention in the berachah different separations Hashem made. What do we say? המבדיל בין קודש לחול, בין אור לחושך, בין ישראל לעמים. So he said it's enough to say one. נהגו העם לומר שלש, but the minhag is to say three. מאן נינהו? מאן ניהו בנן של קדושים? Who is this בנן של קדושים? רבי מנחם בר סימאי. ואמאי קרו ליה בנן של קדושים? Why did they call him this holy person? דלא איסתכל בצורתא דזוזא, he never looked at the coin, never looked at money. Okay. That doesn't mean you never looked. Some people never look, but they'd like to have it. You don't look because ברכה שורה, something is covered, you don't see it, there's more chance for a berachah, you want more. But he pashut never looked at the coin. He didn't didn't care about money whatsoever. That's a different, that's Some say the peshat because they had avodah zarah on it and he didn't want to look at it. No, but the real, the chassidishe, another chassidishe peshat is he pashut never looked at money, he didn't care about money. It's a modern, that's telling an emesdike Rebbe. That לא לא ידע צורתא דמטבע. That he didn't know the tzurah of a matbe'a. Chas veshalom, a Lubavitcher Rebbe, that's for a פוילישע רבי, no, I mean a tzaddik, a serious one. But a Lubavitcher Rebbe can look at matbe'ot, can do everything and and and be the same madregah like a יתר הצדיק. But weren't they not allowed to touch those kind of coins, are they? This was all the goyishe government that did it, right? I mean, all the time, because of the because of the Engraving like you're not allowed to carve, engrave. Hold on, the United States government gave out a coin with the Rebbe's face on it? With the Rebbe's, yeah, actually I have one. Oh, really? What do you think? It's, well, there's she'elot, you're allowed to because it's only profile, only a side, it's not not a full face, yeah, that's why you're allowed. But there the problem was of a gezeirah. Right. A gezeirah is a different problem. Okay, I think we'll stop here. Yeah. Now that money is not really No, that's not Jewish money. No, but technically you're allowed to do such a thing. Yeah, you're not allowed to engrave anything like the sun on a on like a ceramic. Not allowed to have it, not allowed to own it. A profile doing, yeah, she'eilah. It's true.

אחרי מעריב דא וועט זיין דער שיחה שיעור. I was going to say that actually, you read my mind. אחרי מעריב. Did everybody hear? No. אחרי מעריב דא וועט זיין דער שיחה שיעור! Let's say it again louder. Yell at them. אחרי מעריב דא וועט זיין דער שיחה שיעור! Who's that? That's Ami Levin? That's Ami Levin, right? Who is it? Shabbatai. It's not Ami Levin. Fine.