אמריתו, you're saying, אמאי לא אתא משיח? You're wondering why Mashiach didn't come yet? So I'll tell you why. האידנא יומא דכיפורי הוא, it's Yom Kippur today, ואיבעול כמה בתולות בנהרדעא. On Yom Kippur! On Yom Kippur there were many people, women, בתולות, virgins, who were who were by by violated by different by by men on Yom Kippur. By Yidden? By Yidden. Jews, yeah. When they stayed up the whole night? It doesn't say that, but it seems like it's like a connection, because he said before they used to stay up in Yom Kippur night, but then it didn't work because it was men and women, and this is what happened. אמר ליה, so he said to him, הקדוש ברוך הוא מאי אמר? What does the Eibershter say about this? אמר ליה, he said, לפתח חטאת רובץ. The yetzer hara is making a So the Eibershter is finding a zekhut for them, that by the door, in other words the yetzer hara is at his fault. Not the Satan, the yetzer hara does. אמר ליה Now these are the people who are trying to help the kohen stay awake? No, no, this is in another city. They did it in Nehardea. אמר ליה, he said, but שטן מאי אמר? What does the Satan say? אמר ליה, so he said,

שטן ביומא דכיפורי לית ליה רשותא לאסטוני. The Satan doesn't have reshut on Yom Kippur to be משטין, to say anything. ממאי? Where do you see it from? דאמר רמי בר חמא, Rami bar Chama said, השטן, the word השטן is the גימטריא גימ״ל מאות וששים וארבע, 364. So ובהני אית ליה רשותא לאסטוני. 364 days a year the Satan could get to be משטין. ביומא דכיפורי, one day, on יום כיפור, לית ליה רשותא to be mishtin. So the Satan on Yom Kippur doesn't have So there's no mishtin then. Satan. Satan. The Satan is not, it says end line is why yetzer hara, hasatan, umalach hamavet, they have different jobs. Hayetzer hara comes to tempt you, then the Satan comes and goes lemalah and prosecutes you, and the malach hamavet kills you, but it's all one. It's the same, yeah, but he has different disguises, different madregot. Satan. So the only pele is why he says 365 when it's the the the solar year, not our year. Our year is 354, 355. Here it's 364. Because after all, there is such a thing.

People think that the goyishe calendar is a goyishe zach. Not a goyishe zach, it's the sun. The goyishe part of it is why did January start? Who said it starts in January? The fact that there is a cycle of a year That's, they say, had to do with יש״ו something, or not, but whatever. But that's how it started. That's That's the problem. Used to be March. Yeah, you could start anytime. And bichlal the whole idea of making a year of making 12 months in the year is also made up thing. How do you get 12 months in a year? We have, because the moon travels 29 and a half days. Same, but by if you go after the solar year, the solar year is the cycle of the sun, which is 365 and 1/4 days, that's all it is. Nothing No, there's nothing, has no months. That's what the Rambam says, אין אין חדשים לשמש, לחמה, ואין שנים ללבנה. There's no such thing as a year by the moon. The moon goes out every, it goes 29 and a half days, and it finishes. No, it's not. Depends. It's not true. No, it's not true. If it's a regular year, the leap year is three this year is 386, and if it's if it's a regular year it's 354. But it evens out. That's the thing. At the end of the day it evens out, because the same thing you sha'alta in davenen every day we say with the ketoret. How much morning were the ketoret? Ketoret, it says in davenen, what do you calculate it at? 365, and 368 he says. Yeah, here it says, yeah, שלש מאות וששים ושמנה, 368. 365 for for the days of the year, בימות החמה, yeah, and then three more for Yom Kippur. On Yom Kippur they had So one second, so the pele is, if it wasn't true, what did they do with this? It came 365 355 days or 354 days, and the year was up. Now they had to use the new ones. So what happened? Where did they get this ketoret from? From the מחצית השקל. מחצית השקל that you gave, they used to buy the korbanot for you, the קרבנות ציבור, so they bought this also with that. And they bought enough for 368. So three was for Yom Kippur, 365. It came at the end of the year, there were 10 left, 11 left. They couldn't use it next year, because it's already for the old. So what they would do is they would, because it's an old מחצית השקל, so they would sell it back. They would take a be be paid it Because at the end you have to add it. Sof kol sof you have to get it. You can't have every year 355? You should never have to buy when you have 368. You don't, but cuz, but when you add after three years, right, so it evens out. So sof kol sof after a few years, more or less, it evens out, and we have to have enough for every day. So if they would have 355, certain years you'd be missing. If you had 386, certain years you'd have extra. So what they have is that they had 365, and then some of it is left over at the end of the year, and they buy it back from the new מחצית השקל so they get it, and so sof kol sof it evens out. And really it evens out only after 19 years. After 19 years it evens out exactly kim'at to the day. Usually to the day, amal amal it's a day off. That's why your your English Hebrew birthday come out the same, not always, after 19 years, but it's not exact, amol it's off a day. Amol it's off a day. Yom Kippur they use three? Three extra, yeah. Three extra plus the one that's normal. Avadai, normal is normal, then the three extra they use for the for the קדשי קדשים. As long according to the moon, eventually the moon correct be corrected. After 19 years we fix it. After a leap year we're more or less even, but not exactly, still a few days off. No, but we make it that way because of all the seasons. Right, that's the reason. Right, right. So if we'd have, let's say, a leap year, you have the year is fall behind 11 days. Every year. Yeah. If you can have a leap year every three day, let's say every three days, after three years you were three 33 days behind. So when you have an extra month, you're still missing three days. Then you have it every two years. So then we go ahead, and that's how it goes by the time two years and then three years and then there has to be third year and then two years. After at the end it evens out. By 19 years it evens out. So this is why they make this cheshbon, so. Listen, what about this זנות without the Satan getting involved? That's what it seems like. Yetzer hara got involved. הוא הוא מלאך We asked before, he has two different hats, no, he works differently. So the yetzer hara works on Yom Kippur. But the Satan Yeah, is the same hat, and the malach hamaves, they're all the same. The malach hamaves's work works still. Malach hamaves works also, only the hat he doesn't wear. Yeah, the one hat, it's the Satan hat he doesn't wear. Does he have to, does he wear a shtreimel also? מחטיאין בעל כרחך. Yeah, yeah, so they just said. Ba'al korcho. Yeah, well. Sounds like even a worse aveirah. If the Satan's not involved, it must be even worse. And they can't blame it on the Satan. Who they blame it on? The yetzer tov doesn't want to. That's why ba'al korcho. Cuz the yetzer tov, that doesn't want to, so it's ba'al korcho. Rashi doesn't mean that you're mamash forced to it, but like they should find a zechut, no, you're you're pushed into it, that's all. זאגט די גמרא ווייטער: So it says that the people used to come to the Beit Hamikdash to see the avodah of the Kohen Gadol. ולא היתה קריאת הגבר מגעת. The קריאת הגבר didn't get yet, while before it even got to the קריאת הגבר, we'll see the, what the word קריאת הגבר means. A גבר is a chicken, no? We'll see in a second. Also a person. So before it even got to that point, עד שהיתה עזרה מלאה מישראל. The עזרה was full. People went to push to catch places, I mean, we can understand what it is, you wait and wait till a certain point they open up the shul, everyone runs in. So when they open up the Beit Hamikdash, before the קריאת הגבר already, the עזרה was full of people. Just like by us. Ha? Just like by us. מאי קריאת הגבר? What does it mean, what's the קריאת הגבר? רב אמר קרא גברא. גבר means a person. The guy who used to make the announcement that we are ready to start the avodah, there was a person, so before he even got to announce that, already this was full. ורב שילא אמר קרא תרנגולא. Means when the chicken crowed crowed. That was before that. Rooster. Rooster. זאגט די Gemara אזוי: There's a machloket we said now between Rav and Rav Shila. Rav said it means the person called, Rav Shila says the rooster called. So the Gemara tells a story. רב איקלע לאתריה דרב שילא. Rav happened to come to the city of Rav Shila, and Rav Shila did not know who he was, did not know this was Rav. לא הוה אמורא למיקם עליה דרב שילא. Rav Shila used to give a shiur. Those days, amoraim, used to have a מתורגמן, a person who would hear what he says, he would say it quietly, and he would repeat it loud and explain it. So there was nobody there פונקט to do chazara, there was no chozer there for Rav Shila. קם רב עליה. So Rav said, \"I'll do it.\" He didn't know who Rav was, but he said he'll do it. In his speech, in his in his shiur, he mentioned the words קריאת הגבר. כי קא מפרש, so when he repeated it, when Rav repeated it, so he said, מאי קריאת הגבר? קרא גברא. קריאת הגבר means when the person called, cuz Rav held that way. אמר ליה רב שילא, so Rav Shila said to him, ולימא מר קרא תרנגולא? Why didn't you say that קריאת הגבר means the rooster called? אמר ליה, so he said to him, אבובא לחרי זמר לגרדאי לא מקבלו מיניה. It's an expression they used to say. that there are certain flute which for people who chashuve people they like it, and when they sing it for it's very simple people, they claim, well, it's not good. They're not they're not mevinim. If for chashuve people it's good, it's good for you, too. So, he said to him like this: You're טענה'ing why I said that taytsh. כד הוה קאימנא עליה דרבי חייא, when I was translating for Rabbi Chiya, who's greater than you, ומפשינא, and I explain, מאי קריאת הגבר? קרא גברא, that person called, ולא אמר לי מידי. He didn't complain, didn't say I was wrong. ואת אמרת לי, and you're telling me, אימא קרא תרנגולא. You're telling me I should say it's a different peshat, that the rooster called? Bigger people than you hold my peshat, so don't complain. אמר ליה, so he said to him, מאן ניהו? Rav? Are you Rav? Are you kidding? Cuz he said he was a translator, was a מתורגמן for Rabbi Chiya, and he knew that for who was for Rabbi Chiya? Rav. So he says, נינח מר. If you're Rav, you're Rav, don't translate anymore for me, because you know too be you're too big to become my מתורגמן. אמר ליה, so he says to him, אמרי אינשי, people say, כד אגרת לבי מרי פוץ. If you're hired by somebody to work, then too bad, even if it turns out that some of the job is yeah, is very low low type of job, is you got to do it. So if I accepted the job, no matter what, I got to do it. But he didn't hire him. Huh? He didn't Yeah, but he hired himself out, so I mean it was like he he took it. איכא דאמרי, some say, הכי אמר ליה, this is what he said to him, מעלין בקודש ואין מורידין. Says you go higher in kodesh, not not down. So if the middle of the shiur I'm going to stop and you get somebody less than me, then you'll be going down, downgrading, and that you can't do. So therefore, let me finish the shiur. Still a few? Huh? There's still a few? I agreed. Yup, no good. Doesn't have a shiur. You're going to stay forever and Has to outpour himself, too. Which which rabbi do you mean by Rav? Rav, Rav. What person is called? No, no. Is it the name of Tannaim? Rava. Rav! His name was Rav. Rav veShmuel, מחלוקת is always Rav veShmuel. But he didn't His name is that wasn't his name. He is known as Rav. His name was really Rav Abba. Rav Abba, yeah. He's called Abba Aricha. He was tall. His real name was Rav Abba? Abba, yeah. Says once he came to Eretz Yisrael, they asked him, who who did you see? And then he said, I saw Abba Aricha, the long Abba, the tall Abba. He was a tall guy, so they called him. But he's all known, always known as Rav. תניא כוותיה דרב. אבא הווקין? Huh? Aricha. תניא כוותיה דרב, in a baraisa we learned like Rav. It says in a baraisa like this: גביני כרוז מהו אומר? There was a guy who was the announcer in the Beis Hamikdash, his name was Givinei. What did he say? עמדו כהנים לעבודתכם, כהנים, get up to do your עבודה, ולוים לדוכנכם, and the Levim get up to do the דוכן, וישראל למעמדכם, ישראלים, get up to your מעמד, והיה קולו נשמע בשלש פרסאות. Three פרסה you could hear his voice, so loud it was. ומעשה באגריפס המלך, there's a story with אגריפס, שהיה בא בדרך, he was on the trip, ושמע קולו בשלש פרסאות. He heard his voice three פרסה away. How much a פרסה is? A פרסה is, it's four A פרסה is is three מיל. Farther than that. 8,000 אמות. Yeah. Four מיל. Four מיל. Four מיל times times Huh? Not miles, I mean it was Yeah, not miles. 12 km. But, I mean, still 7, 8 mi, 7 mi. Could hear it. That's a lot. That's like from Here to the airport. In Yeshiva it's two, three miles, this is more. Here to the airport, really. The airport, it says 7 mi away. Moshe said can also... That's all it is? 3 million people, how can all those people hear him? It was a הר, תקנו אז... Dos iz geven shirah... So he heard it. Look at that, וכשבא לביתו, when he got home, שיגר לו מתנות הרבה. He sent him presents, and he was impressed that he's singing it with such loud voice. ואף על פי כן, כהן גדול משובח ממנו. The Kohen Gadol was even more. דאמר מר, we learned, כבר אמר, when he said, אנא השם חטאתי, we say it on יום כיפור, אנא השם חטאתי עויתי פשעתי, ונשמע קולו ביריחו. From Jerusalem they heard it until Jericho. We know how far Jerusalem from Jericho. We traveled. ואמר רבה בר בר חנה, רבה בר בר חנה said, אמר רבי יוחנן, מירושלים ליריחו עשר פרסאות, 10 פרסה. 10 פרסה, and they were able to hear the Kohen Gadol. How many miles is that? 12 miles? 10 פרסה is 40 km, which is about 25 miles. Why only this, nothing else? Because that's what it says. And the chiluk is, huh? I don't I don't know. It seems like it's much to that particular thing, then. Why was that more important than everything all the other ones? Because he said it loud. ואף על גב דהכא איכא חולשא, and look at this. This was a Yom Kippur, he said it. Weak. You're weak! והכא ליכא חולשא. This guy, the the guy, the announcer in the Beis Hamikdash, when he announced every day, he didn't wasn't weak. הכא יממא והכא לילה. Also, Yom Kippur was during the day, and during the day it's harder to hear. There it was at night, cuz when he announced it, it was it was still night, so It was just starting to get day. Why is it during the day harder to hear? דאמר רב לוי, Rav Levi said: מפני מה אין קולו של אדם נשמע ביום כדרך שנשמע בלילה? How come during the day you can't hear when people talk as much as night? מפני גלגל חמה, 'cause the גלגל of the sun, שמנסר ברקיע כחרש שמנסר בארזים, it's, whatever that's mean, the sun like drills, saws, saws in the in the רקיע like a a drill a saw saws wood, so it makes a lot of noise. והאי חירגא דיומא, this, the sawdust that come, when it comes whichever it means, like certain rays, whatever it comes from the sun like the sawdust, it's called לא, לא. והיינו דקאמר נבוכדנצר, that's what Nevuchadnetzar said: וכל דיירי עלמא כלא חשיבין. That all the it's like לא, like לא means like that saw sawdust of the sun. But what he's trying to say is that this is something that takes away that you can't hear. And still, even though it was during the day, which this thing takes away the noise that you can't hear, still you heard it ten פרסאות away, you heard all the way to Chevron. Is there anything like with echoes, or is there any like... A mic A microphone can't do that. Right. Unless you have speakers over there. This is natural voice? Yeah, yeah, I guess. That was 'cause Hashem made the cavern. Yeah, סתם אז, yeah. Like is a nes? Yeah. Wasn't a nes, can be. Nice acoustics. תנו רבנן, the רבנן טאקע taught: אלמלא קול גלגל חמה נשמע... If not for this noise of the גלגל חמה, נשמע קול המונה של רומי, we would hear all over the noise of the city of Rome, the hustling and bustling of Rome. אלמלא קול המונה של רומי נשמע קול גלגל חמה, and if not for Rome, we would hear the sun. In other words, they're both equal, the noise that comes from the sun is so strong and the noise that comes from Rome. תנו רבנן, the רבנן say: שלושה קולות הולכין מסוף העולם ועד סופו, three things, their voice, the noise is so strong you could hear it from one world end of the world to the other. אלו הן: קול גלגל חמה, like we said, the קול of the sun, קול המונה של רומי, the קול of the Rome, וקול נשמה בשעה שיוצאת מן הגוף. When a neshama leaves the body, the noise it makes is so loud that you can hear another end of the world. ויש אומרים אף לידה, some say also when you're born, ויש אומרים אף רדיא. What's רדיא? Radio, you can hear radio from one end of the world to the other. Wow, on radio? Radio? Oh, okay. So, it's a remez for the radio. Rashi says there's a malach, and when it when it rains and it irrigates the land the land, it makes noise. But it's a remez for radio. ובעו רבנן רחמי אנשמה בשעה שיוצאת מן הגוף ובטלוה, the chachamim have davened that the noise that the neshamah makes when it comes out of the body shouldn't be heard. Rome doesn't make noise at night? No, they're sleeping. How come they didn't want us to hear Rome? From Rome to Israel is how many miles? Four hours. I don't know if you walk four hours. Huh? Four hours. You want people should hear it? And all the people who die it's not it's not kavod. But Hashem made it for a reason, no? Yeah, for a reason. Lots of things Hashem made and they davened that it should be. Hashem made sickness and... Not this, but the reason that they proved that at night your voice carries more than a day is physically... Yeah, yeah, yeah. That's the way they explain it. Less noise. other places, yeah. Okay, so here the noise of the sun, yeah. That's what that's how they explain it. Yeah, yeah. That's why it's Nothing wrong with... But aval this was a re'iyah to Rav who said that קריאת הגבר means that was the person's mouth, 'cause we see that the person announces and it's chashiv as that. Now, תניא כוותיה דרב שילא, we learn in a different place like Rav Sheila that קריאת הגבר means when the rooster calls. As it says: היוצא לדרך קודם קריאת הגבר דמו בראשו, someone goes out on a road before the קריאת הגבר, you're committing suicide. You should watch, if you leave out if you go on a trip when it's still dark, before the קריאת הגבר, you're putting your life in danger. VeRabbi Yoshiyah said that עד שישנה, when is it in danger if you do it twice, ויש אומרים עד שישלש, three times. But באיזה תרנגול תרנגולא אמרו? Which which rooster are we talking about that you have to wait for it to cry to crow? תרנגול בינוני, an average, not a very big one, not a very small one. But aval from here we see like Rav Sheila, that what's קריאת הגבר? Not when a person calls, קריאת הגבר means a תרנגול. And that's it. But someone thinks a person? We said before, yeah, Rav said. Rav Sheila said the other... No, no, Rav says it means... Never heard a person... It means this this guy who announces. Something about a person like a תרנגול. Yeah.