Find the words. Put the word table to But some words have a meaning that shows what it is. So he's going to explain some of the words. דשא. That's in Hebrew. Some are Aramaic, some Hebrew. דשא. דשא is, uh? דשא דשא is a threshold. It's not a דשא. So what is it? Something that you pass, you come from one room to the other, you pass pass the threshold. We know why it's called דשא, דרך שם. That's the way to get there. So the word דשא is like a made up of two words, דרך שם. דרגא. דרגא means a ladder, it means steps. But דרך שם is in Hebrew, but דשא... Yeah, so some of the words in Aramaic come from Hebrew. If you want to say the pshat, the shoresh is because it's made up of words in Hebrew. דרגא, דרגא is also Aramaic. Aramaic, all Aramaic probably comes from It's very similar, yeah. But it comes from Hebrew, I'm saying. If the shoresh is a bit different. I don't know if it comes, it's the closest to Hebrew. I don't know if it comes, there's a lot of words that it's a lot of words could slow exchange, למשל זהב. How is זהב in Aramaic? דהב. No, דהב, ד. So the same word with this exchange from the ד and the ז, a lot of words like that. But some words are are their own words. But here he's trying to explain how some of these words come from from Hebrew דווקא. דרגא, which means steps, דרך גג. Because of these steps, you go to the roof. So דרך גג is דרג, דרגא. Okay, then he

goes more words: מתחולתא. מתחולתא is like a type of dip that they used to used to dip in. So it comes from the words מתחולתא, מתי תכלה זו? When will this be finished? Cuz dips last very long, you just dipping, it's not like you eat pieces, so that lasts long. So when you eat it, you know, then you're wondering how long will it last? So מתי תכלה זו. ביתא. House, ביתא. בוא ואיתי בה, come and sit in it. ביתא, come It's an Aramaic name. ביכסא. ביכסא is a very narrow, small house. בי עכסא. עכסא means crowded. Here is crowded, here is small. כופסא. Rashi has different pshatim, but one of the פשטים, כופסא means when you have like a big stump or something and you used to sit on it. Like a Gemara in Sukkah, Rashi, a Gemara Pesachim where it says, you have it, a קופא דשאור, sourdough they used like a big pile of sourdough, if you sit it on it, if it's חמץ or whatever, so that's כופסא. Why is it called כופסא? כוף וסיב, bend and sit. In Aramaic, כוף is bend, and סיב is sit. כופסא, bend and sit on it. ליבני, ליבני is לבנים, לבנים are Bricks. bricks. You know why it's called brick, לבנים? לבני בנים, cuz this will last for a long time for your grandchildren. לבני בנים, ליבני, לבני בנים. חוצא. If you have a fence made of thorns or made of of reeds, of לולבים. What's the word חוצא? Comes from the word chatzitzah. That it has it's not strong, it doesn't do anything, it doesn't hold anybody back from going, but it's only a separation. So that's why it's called חוצא, cuz it's only a chatzitzah, it's nothing else. Uh? מה דעתו? Rashi don't... So

here he just says clearly, Targum is כארבע לשון קדש וקמה מילי, therefore he's telling you some of the words in Targum, that's what he says. So he says, חצבוא. חצבוא is like a a big כלי that you draw water, to draw water. So חצבוא is חצב מים מן הנהר. חצבוא, with this you are drawing. כוזא. כוזא is when you have a small כלי חרס, a small earthenware כלי that you take water in. So כוזא comes from the word כזה. Cuz that means this is all it is. זה means this. All it is like something that's small, that's all it is. So you use the word כזה, it's כוזא. שוטיתא. שוטיתא is a branch of hadas. Why is it called שוטיתא? Cuz it's שטותא. People used to use this, you find in the Gemara that they used to use this to throw when they used to dance by a כלה. Basically, we would call m'hat zich meshuga gemakht. So this is something that m'macht zich meshuga with, but for a mitzvah. Baati Legani, we bring this Baati Legani, the maamar, he brings, Rabbi Yehuda bar Ilai, yeah, he praises that, Baruch Rabbi Yehuda bar Ilai, so that danced with three. Later there when he died, there was a pillar of fire in the shape of a hadas, so there were three לשונות that one of the tanaim said. One לשון he said, אהני ליה שטותיה לסבא, the shtut that he did helped him to show his מדרגה. Another one is אהני ליה שוטיתיה, the שיטה, he had a שיטה. Another one is שוטיתיה, the the branch. You use this on Friday. Uh?

Friday night, hadasim. Yeah, people It's a minhag to use on Friday, ערב שבת. Friday, always like taste, so it always is... Yeah, because they smell, it's from Friday night. Smelled from Friday night. Friday night's very I mean to smell besamim. We smell מוצאי שבת, they smell Friday night. Yeah. Besamim, not hadasim. Not only that. No, together they smelled, they had hadasim. The Gemara, when we learned the Gemara, is allowed for you to use mint? Can you use mint? Huh? Can you use mint? Is that muktzeh to us? No, why is that muktzeh to us? The muktzeh, you're not cutting it. The Gemara that we learned, when they gave the story with the, huh? Some people had a lulav, but together with with besamim. Somebody what? But how about Friday night? Saturday night they also smelled besamim. What? Besamim. Yeah, that they do, but we only do it מוצאי שבת, they do it Friday night. There's a story with, I think Rav Shimon bar Yochai we learned, that after he came out of the מערה, he saw a person running ערב שבת carrying two hadasim. So he asked him, \"Why this?\" אחד כנגד זכור ואחד כנגד שמור. And they smelled two hadasim. And there's people, still people do it. Hey, they do it today? Yeah, a lot of people do it today. So that's So that's where it comes from שטותא? No, שטותא because of the chatunah. Chatunah, yeah. Friday is not a shtut, but this chatunah they used to dance like a like a meshuga we would call it, for this for the mitzvah, he calls it. Yeah. משיכלא is a big pan where people wash from. So משיכלא is משי כולה. משי is washing. Everyone washes, משיכלא. משיכלתא is a small one. משי כלתא, a כלה washes. It's like a small one that's like a special, you know, private one. So that's only done for a כלה. Yeah. Then we go like עסיסא. עסיסא is a shtisl. When you have when no, no. When you make a prescription, when you grind, so they used to have the כלי and then the the stick inside, when you see that in drugstores in front? Mortar and pestle. This this one is called a shtisl. What's it called? Mortar and pestle. This is a mortar, Rashi says mortar. Rashi here says, עסיסא is the mortar. A dish. A dish, right? Huh? The dish. So why is it called עסיסא? It's like the word חסירתא. עסיסא is like the א and the ח exchange. It's missing. There's a hole there, there's like an area inside which is air. A bowl. בוכנא, the בוכנא is the כלי inside. What did you say it was? The pestle. The pestle. Why is it called בוכנא? בוא ואכנו. Come and I'll hit, because that's what it's used, to bang, to to grind. And you grind it. In Arabic, it is a piston. Engines have pistons. No, it's not a piston, a pestle. Pestle means the the this the hammer like, or whatever that you The pharmacists, not now, I mean, but they used to. No, but I'm telling you about the word בוכנא. It's a piston. Okay, but that's Maybe it comes from this. Maybe it has to do with this. Yeah, I don't know. And this go up and down. Could be, because that's what he's doing, it goes up and down, and then this. Probably comes from the same source. It's an engine, in the engine. It's a modern a modern word. They took it from something that was Yeah. לבושא. לבושא, a לבוש, a garment, but it means the outer garment. Like a coat. Why is it called לבושא? לא בושה. This makes you shouldn't be embarrassed, because under you could wear torn pants, you could wear torn things, you wear on top nobody knows nothing. No, you you can גיין אין אונטערהויזן and and and you wear a coat and and and no one knows the difference. And that's why they call it לבושא. So the pants itself? Huh? You're wearing pants so you No, no, wearing pants is not. גלימא, that's already it's not pants. A גלימא is when they wear they used to wear like a A cloak. A cloak, that's the word, a cloak. Why is it called שעושה אותו כגולם? When you put it on you can't, like a real cloak you can't see the hands, you can't see, it's like just covers you like makes you like one big stick, like a golem. Like a golem means a שטיק פלייש, it makes like a golem. Yeah. גולסא, it's a nice garment. גולסא is גלי ואתי, reveal it when you sit. Like when you sit down, what do you do when you sit down with your suit? You make sure you pick it up so it shouldn't get crumpled. With טלית, you sit down, try to pick that thing. So that those garments were you make sure that they didn't get creased, so when you would sit down you would open it up, open. So that's like גולסא is גלי ואתי. Purya, purya is a bed. Why is a bed called purya? From the words פרו ורבו, שפורין ורבין עליה. And that's where you multiply. באר זינקא, באר זינקא was a be'er, a well, which dried up. So why is it called זינקא? זינקא is זה נקי. This is clean, it's empty, there's nothing there. סודרא, סודרא is a sudar like like a head covering that the chachamim used to wear. Nowadays they call yarmulke, then not everyone covered their head, just the chachamim. So why is it called סודרא? Because it's made up of the word סוד ה׳ ליראיו. סודרא, sss... We were talking about chachamim, the sod, the secrets of Hashem are to those that fear him. What year did it change that that everyone started going with yarmulkes? Not long after the Gemara. In the Gemara's time already it says people wore. Rav Nachman, his mother put him on No, but like a regular everyday, every Jew Well, the ט״ז writes that it's now, and the Alter Rebbe paskens like the ט״ז, that now if you don't wear, you're over on an איסור דאורייתא. How's that? How's that? What does that mean? What? Because since it became a Yiddishe thing versus a goy, so if you don't wear a yarmulke, you're over on ובחוקותיהם לא תלכו, that's the reason the ט״ז gives. Why should he give a heter to sit like that? Okay, that's what he says. The ט״ז, the ט״ז says that. Other mefarshim, other poskim don't say that, that's what the ט״ז says. The Alter Rebbe, in it's not even in Shulchan, it's not. Now they put it back, it was in the in the part that they skipped because of the censor, the censor wouldn't allow it, cuz he wrote cuz it's against the גוים, ובחוקותיהם לא תלכו, but that's what the Alter Rebbe paskens. So that was like 1400? What is it? When it no, the ט״ז is about, let's say, four or 500 years ago. But this is before, ט״ז paskens because it was already a minhag then. So since it became a minhag of Yidden and goyim don't, so if you're doing, then you're following the goyim, you're over on a לאו. So before that yet? Much before that, much before. I don't know exactly, I don't know if they know a date when it became that. What what's what made the change then? Cuz it's it brings yirat shamayim. I'm saying slowly, some תלמידי חכמים wore it and then some people start copying the תלמידי חכמים, and then it became, so it's a Did the goyim did Did something about the goyim made the Jews do wear a yarmulke or something? There wasn't ever such a thing? No, that's in the גלות, like we have a I don't know. I don't know. Actually,

why is it called yarmulke? ירא מלכא. Well, some say it's ירא מלכא. Some say it's just that's a word that has a meaning that's head covering, it's not Why is it mid'oraita, though? Because there's a din in Torah that if there is a special thing that goyim do and Yidden do differently, if you follow the goyim, it's an issur d'oraita, no matter what it is. למשל, it's not so much so much so, it says if Yidden would have shoelaces, red shoelaces, and the goyim all wore black shoelaces, you must mid'oraita wear the red shoelaces. And עד כדי כך, if the goyim make a גזירה that you should change your shoelaces to wear like the goyim, if they mean it because they want you to follow them, you have to go on mesirat nefesh, you have to rather get killed than change the shoelace. ערקתא דמסאנא, get killed. If the goy If the goyim make a גזירה, but it depends why. If they make a גזירה because they want to sell all the a lot of black shoelaces, that's not, that's not. But if they do it because להעביר על הדת, because they know that you davka do it like that and they want you davka to not do your religion, you have to go on mesirat nefesh, because mid'oraita, huh? Why is it only kill them? If you could kill them, obviously do it. Like it says, kill them. If you Yeah, that's that would be good. Right? But if you can't, if you don't If you don't do this, if you don't have an Uzi, or they have the police and we don't, and they have the army, so what do we do then? Now we have a problem. So, it's likened to עבודה זרה? It's not עבודה זרה, it's להעביר על הדת. Rambam says, one of the three שחייב אדם למסור את נפשו This is not. When is it only three? When it's stam not להעביר על הדת, but if it's going against the religion, then there is no three, then all the whole Torah. Okay. אפדנו. אפדנו is like our palace. Why do they call it אפדנו? אפיתחא דין. דנו, פיתחא דדין. That אפדנו is a palace, on this door, to this door everyone comes. The palace of the מלך or something, that's where everyone come to serve the מלך or to get judged. The the city hall, that's called אפדנו. Zogt di Gemara vayter: תנו רבנן: שלושה שלושה, there are three things, כל זמן שמזקינים, the older they get, מוסיפין גבורה, they become stronger. ואלו הן: דג, fish, נחש, a snake, וחזיר. What sort of fish gets strong? I guess the older they are, they're better, stronger, you know. If you mention them, they get stronger? Huh? If you mention their name? No, no, they as the older they get. No, the older they get, the stronger they get. Usually when you get older, you get weaker. Old chazir, an alter chazir is you have to stay away from him, from an alter chazir. An old dog. An old dog also, yeah. And an old nachash. Yeah, Rav Shimon ben Elazar says, the Mishnah said that there are you're not allowed to carry on שבת, רשות היחיד to רשות הרבים, how much is it that you're over if you carry? So there's a shiur. Everything has different shiurim, different things. So dam,

blood, כדי לכחול עין אחת, in order to smear on one eye. Cuz the shiurim of the different things depend on what the use of it is. Certain things that in order to use it you needed a little piece, that's the shiur of issur Anything that's chashuv. Certain things that they only used it if it was a big piece, you're not chayav till you carry out a big piece. Blood, if it's enough a little bit, enough to smear one eye, that's enough. Why? Because that gave it חשיבות, שכן כוחלין לברקית. There's a certain sickness in the eye, ברקית, he calls it lichtike shtar, so then to cure that, they would have to smear it with some blood. So mimela, that's already chashuv. So if you carry that amount, no, it's not what you do it for that. If you carry that Carry that simple amount, you Yeah, if you carry that, you're already chayav. You don't have to have a kezayit, a revi'it, like other things, that's Enough for your little A drop, yeah. ומאי, and which kind of blood? דמא דתרנגולא דברא, the blood of a wild roost... רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר, Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says a different reason, דם כדי לכחול בו עין אחת. Same thing, the shiur of blood is כדי to enough to כחול your eye, שכן כוחלין לירוד. ירוד is a different type of sickness, and that's what they used to use the blood for. ומאי ניהו, which blood? For that they used דמא דכרשתינא, the blood of an עטלף. What's an עטלף? A bat, yeah. A bat. And a סימנא to remember which one which, so he says, גוילא גויי וברא לברא. The the תרנגולא, the chicken is always inside. So that blood is good for the sickness of the eye that sticks in. So these two sicknesses that he mentioned, one if the eye sticks in, one if the eye sticks out. So the blood from the one that stays in, that's good for the eye that's the sickness that stays in. And the one that we said is for the one that sticks out, that's from the כרשתינא, that's from the bat, which is outside. I've seen an eye that sticks it out. There's a sickness that gives an eye that something pops out and that makes you not feel so well. And there's a different sickness. I don't know what He I'll tell you the Yiddish words for it. One is called ליכטיקע שטאר. ליכטיקע שטאר is the name of a sickness then, and that's the one that sticks in. And the other one is maybe cataract? נאכבארשאפט. I mean this is in German, נאכבארשאפט, that the peirush says, נאכבארשאפט. The Rashi says here, טיפין דקין של לבן הנולדים בעין, there's certain little white like drops that look in the eye. Could be. Could be cataract. It's could be cataract, yeah. Could be cataract. A little drop on the eye, yeah, that comes out like a little if cataract. That could be cataract. And the other one, Rashi says is מיילא. מיילא? I don't know, מיילא. In Yiddish it says ליכטיקע שטאר, I don't know. ליכטיקע שטאר is when it's when it's in in in Yeah.

What was Pharaoh stricken with when he took Sarah for a while? צרעת. It doesn't say צרעת, it says a different word. נגעים, צרעת. Yeah, that's