תנו רבנן. We'll read it inside, תנו רבנן. When it comes to נזיקין, when you cause someone damage and you have to pay for it, the pasuk says: מיטב שדהו ומיטב כרמו ישלם. From the best of your fields and the best of your vineyards, you should pay. So טייטש איז מיטב שדהו של ניזק ומיטב כרמו של ניזק, דברי רבי ישמעאל. Rabbi Yishmael says it means you have to pay according to the best of the one that was damaged, the ניזק. We'll explain, the Gemara will explain what that means. ורבי עקיבא אומר, Rabbi Akiva says לא בא הכתוב אלא לגבות מן העידית, וקל וחומר להקדש, Rabbi Akiva argues, says, \"No, it doesn't come for that.\" And here you see they skip the whole bunch, the Gemara had all kinds of sevarot, what is the machloket between Rabbi Yishmael and Rabbi Akiva? What did Rabbi Yishmael mean, what did Rabbi Akiva mean? Finally, the Gemara comes to a maskana.

אלא, אמר רב אחא בר יעקב. Rav Acha bar Yaakov said: הכא במאי עסקינן, this is the case where they argue: כגון שהיתה עידית דניזק כזיבורית דמזיק. The Torah says, and this is where everyone agrees, Rabbi Yishmael and Rabbi Akiva agree, that when you pay, and if you want to pay with real estate, you have to pay from the best. Usually we know the Gemara, there are three categories of land: there's עידית, the best, בינונית is the middle, and זיבורית is the worst. So the Torah says: מיטב שדהו ומיטב כרמו ישלם, you have to pay from the best. If you pay if you're going to use land, you're going to pay with the best. Question is, according to which level of best? And this is their argument, כשהיתה עידית דניזק כזיבורית דמזיק. The ניזק, the one that was damaged, his best is equal to the worst of the מזיק. Have to keep it in mind here when we're learning this, exactly what we're talking about. So this is the case: עידית דניזק, the ניזק also has all kinds of fields, he has categories. He's not such a rich man, so his best, the מזיק is a rich man let's say, the מזיק's worst is equal to his best. So ובהא פליגי, and this is a machloket. רבי ישמעאל סבר, Rabbi Yishmael says, בדניזק שיימינן, that we follow the ניזק's עידית. So therefore in this case, the מזיק could give his worst. Since the מזיק's worst is equal to the best of the ניזק, so the מזיק could give him his worst, because the pasuk when it says מיטב כרמו, מיטב שדהו, you have to give the best of the fields, it means the best in the level of the ניזק. ורבי עקיבא סבר, רבי עקיבא holds בדמזיק שיימינן. No, it goes according to the מזיק. And therefore, in this case, where the מזיק has the מזיק has best, and middle, and worst, the מזיק's worst is equal to the best of the ניזק, he can't give his worst. Even though it's equal to the best of the ניזק, he has to give his best.

Then the Gemara explains: מאי טעמא דרבי ישמעאל? What's the sevara of Rabbi Yishmael? And the opposite case also? Tosafos goes into... the opposite case cannot be... Well, whatever, because there's Tosafos talks about it. The opposite, why the Gemara mentions this not the opposite. מאי טעמא דרבי ישמעאל? What is the reason of Rabbi Yishmael that you have to give according to the best of the מזיק? נאמר שדה למטה ונאמר שדה למעלה. The pasuk says: If you send your animal, or your animal goes, ובער בשדה אחר, and it's going to eat in someone else's field, so the Torah says you have to pay and מיטב שדהו ומיטב כרמו. When the Torah uses the word שדה אחר, the word שדה over there, field, whose field are we talking about? Obviously the ניזק. We're talking about the היזק. So just like the word שדה over there means the ניזק, so when the Torah says here מיטב שדהו, we compare the two words שדה, this called a גזירה שוה, and therefore, it also means the ניזק. So Rabbi Yishmael holds, since it says שדה למטה and נאמר שדה למעלה, earlier שדה, later שדה, מה שדה האמור למעלה, just like the previous word שדה, when it says ובער בשדה אחר means of the ניזק, אף שדה האמור למטה the ניזק. So therefore the word שדה it says here is also the ניזק. Fine. Therefore Rabbi Yishmael holds בדניזק שיימינן, we evaluate the property according to the level of the ניזק. And therefore if his זיבורית is worth as good as the ניזק, so you could give it. Ve-Rabbi Akiva, what does Rabbi Akiva Say that after the word שדהו it says ישלם, so maybe the ניזק's One second, Zay nisht mafsek, kuk vayter! Fine, the Gemara Rabbi Akiva, so how could Rabbi Akiva say that the word מיטב שדהו means the best of the מזיק? So he says, מיטב שדהו ומיטב כרמו ישלם! In the Torah it says he should pay the best of his field. Who's the \"he\" that pays? The מזיק. דההוא דקמשלם. So it means that the best of according to the one that pays. And the The Gemara says, how does Rabbi Yishmael say it goes according to the ניזק when the pasuk, pashut peshat says מיטב שדהו, of his, of the ישלם, of the one that pays? So the Gemara answers, אהא גזירה שוה, ואהא קרא. He says, \"I have a gezeirah shavah, which I said before, it tells you that it has to be the best of the ניזק. Now you're telling me that there's a pasuk that says the best of the מזיק. They're both true. The gezeirah shavah is right, and the pasuk is right. The the peshat of the pasuk is right. אהא גזירה שוה כי דקאמינא. The gezeirah shavah works in the case like I said before. That if the best of the ניזק is equal to the worst of the מזיק. So the gezeirah shavah tells you you have to follow the ניזק, and you could give him your worst. ואהא קרא The pasuk also tells you that you give from the מזיק כגון, in a different case. כגון דאית ליה למזיק עידית וזיבורית, the מזיק has the best and the worst, ועידית דניזק, and the ניזק also has עידית, זיבורית דמזיק לא שויא כעידית דניזק. The case is that the מזיק has זיבורית and עידית, the bad, worst and the best. Before we're talking that the worst of the מזיק is equal to the best of the ניזק. What happens if it's like this, the worst of the מזיק is lower than the best of the ניזק? The worst of the מזיק, cuz it's that Yeah. So the ניזק has a little higher. The ניזק had a higher than his worst. But then the ניזק has other עידית. The ניזק has better. As the מזיק, but do do are they equal out or they No, no, they don't equal, that's the whole thing, they don't equal out, right? The best of the ניזק is in between the worst and the best of the מזיק. So the pasuk tells you the משלם ליה ממיטב דידיה, that he has that you give him the best of the מזיק. Because here he cannot give him the best of the ניזק. Because if he's going to give him this זיבורית, which is less than the best of the ניזק, so he has to upgrade it, and he has to give him the best of the מזיק. So you round it up, basically. So you give him the best. Yeah, okay. The דלא מצי אמר ליה, he can't tell him, תא את גבי מזיבורית, \"Go take from this זיבורית. I don't want to give you my עידית. My עידית is better than your עידית. Since the דין is you always have to give the עידית of the מזיק of the ניזק, according to Rabbi Yishmael, I don't want to give you my עידית. It's It's not It's better than your your עידית.\" So he says, \"No, אלא גבי ממיטב. You're going to have to make this.\" Okay. This is the Gemara here. Okay. That's going to be the question? Ah? That's the word that's going to go on the We're going to go on this.

Now, Rashi says, we have number two, we'll go the numbers here. Rashi explains that when R'' Akiva said that he gives the best of the מזיק, even though Rabbi Yishmael brought a a gezeirah shavah, Rabbi Yishmael first brought a gezeirah shavah. Cuz from the gezeirah shavah we see it means the ניזק. Comes R'' Akiva, and he says, \"No, no. You give him the best of the מזיק because the the משמעות of the pasuk, either is a gezeirah shavah.\" So Rashi says, מיטב שדהו דההוא דקא משלם the the best of the one that pays, דהיינו שדה של מזיק, דלא אתי גזירה שוה ועקרא ליה לקרא. The gezeirah shavah doesn't have the power to uproot the pshat in the pasuk. So since the pshat in the pasuk is the pshat that you give of the מזיק, so the gezeirah shavah cannot come and change that and tell you of the ניזק. That's what he says.

Now, the question is, how does Rabbi Yishmael learn? How does Rabbi Yishmael say that there is a gezeirah shavah against the pasuk? So normally, how do we learn the פושט פשט, you would imagine, according to Rabbi Yishmael, you're going to learn, according to Rabbi Yishmael, he claims that the gezeirah shavah is not uprooting the pasuk. Because didn't we learn He said, \"They're both true.\" We had We figured out He said that they're both true. It's not gezeirah shavah that's against the pasuk. The pasuk is also right. Wait, for the It depends when. The gezeirah shavah works in a case where the מזיק has זיבורית, which is equal to the עידית of the ניזק. So you give him this זיבורית. The pasuk also is true. The The gezeirah shavah doesn't fight the pasuk. The pasuk tells in a different case. In a case where the זיבורית of the מזיק is less than the עידית of the ניזק, the pasuk tells you you gave him the מיטב of the מזיק. You have to give him his עידית. So therefore, Rabbi Yishmael tells Rabbi' Akiva, \"You say you can't accept the גזירה שוה because you see there's a contradiction between the גזירה שוה and the פושט פשט of the pasuk. The The פושט פשט will win. But Rabbi Yishmael answered, \"No, no, there's no contradiction. They're talking two different cases.\" Now, the question is, and the Gemara doesn't answer, why doesn't Rabbi' Akiva accept that? Rabbi' Akiva says no. Rabbi' Akiva says you only give always the best of the מזיק, always. And the reason, it says, is because that's what the pasuk says. Aye, that the גזירה שוה existed, he claims that the גזירה שוה it can't be We can't accept the גזירה שוה. It's against the pasuk. But why doesn't he accept Rabbi Yishmael's פשט? Yeah, two separate. That it's two separate inyanim. Okay. So that's one thing we have to understand. Why doesn't he accept And so basically what is the sevara of the machloket between Rabbi Yishmael and Rabbi' Akiva that Rabbi Yishmael feels that there is no contradiction between the pesukim and Rabbi' Akiva holds that there is a contradiction between the pesukim, and therefore I cannot accept the גזירה שוה, and that's why he'll always say it's מזיק. Fine. That's one thing. Like I said, we're going to have a like a shorter version, so let's go straight to another she'eilah. Here we have a number three, the Rosh. If the situation the the the cases are a little bit not confusing, you have to remember what's what, here we're going to get more confusing. That's the תכלית, hein? The Rosh talks about a case, what happens like this: According to Rabbi Yishmael, if the מזיק had זיבורית, and the זיבורית is less than the עידית of the ניזק, which is the same case as the Gemara brought. The Gemara brought a case that but the עידית of the מזיק is more than the עידית of the ניזק. The זיבורית is less, the עידית is more, so Rabbi Yishmael says the פסוק tells you you have to give the מזיק. What happens if the בינונית of the מזיק is more than the עידית of the ניזק? It's also in between. So you have the זיבורית the זיבורית No, the עידית of the ניזק is in between the זיבורית of the מזיק and the בינונית of the מזיק. Better than the עידית of ניזק. That's the pshat, the Gemara mentioned that Rabbi Yishmael says the פסוק works in the case where he has זיבורית lower than עידית of the ניזק, he has עידית which is more, so the פסוק tells you you have to give the עידית. He asks the שאלה, what happens if it's not, he has בינונית? He has בינונית which is more than the עידית of the ניזק. The זיבורית he can't give because it's lower. The שאלה, can he give the בינונית? So the Rosh says, יש אומרים, why not? After all, this is more than the עידית of the you know the עידית of the ניזק he can't give the זיבורית because it's lower than עידית, so you give the בינונית. Just like you give the the עידית in the Mishnah the Gemara's case, in my case you give. Comes the Rosh, but the others say, no, the בינונית you cannot give. If your עידית is the עידית which is more than the עידית of the of the ניזק you could give. If your בינונית is more, you can't give the בינונית, you've got to give your עידית. And the Rosh says, that's right, I agree with them. You see, look into the Rosh here. He says here, I'll read you the words: It's number three, if it's the middle let's say here. והי, see that? One, two, three, four, five, six lines: והיכא דאית ליה למזיק עידית ובינונית וזיבורית, the מזיק has עידית, בינונית, וזיבורית. ולא שויא זיבורית דמזיק כעידית דניזק. The זיבורית is lower than the עידית of the ניזק. אבל בינונית שויא טפי מעידית דניזק, but the בינונית is worth more. איכא דאמרי, some say, דיהיב ליה בינונית. He gives him בינונית, he brings a re'aya, okay let's forget about that re'aya a second. Skip a line: ואיכא דאמרי, some say no, אפילו הכי יהיב ליה עידית. He has to give him his best. ודבריהם נראין לי. The Rosh said, I like what they say. Because he says like this, this is how he taytsh the Gemara. The Gemara says: דהא גזירה שוה והא קרא. The גזירה שוה works and the פסוק works. תרוייהו לשלומי מיטב. Each one tells you you have to pay מיטב. והא גזירה שוה לשלומי מזיק בזיבורית דמזיק כעידית דניזק. If your זיבורית is equal to the ניזק's עידית, that's the גזירה שוה, it tells you you can give that. והאי קרא כשאין לו כמיטב דניזק, and if your זיבורית is less, not like the מיטב of the עידית of the ניזק, then you have to לשלומי ממיטב דמזיק. Then you have to pay מיטב of the מזיק. דלעולם בעינן מיטב. You always need מיטב. אי דמזיק אי דניזק. You have to have מיטב as עידית, the best. So if you could give the best, even though I use the word, but it's the best of the ניזק, so Rabbi Yishmael says that's fine, because that's the גזירה שוה. If you cannot fulfill the דין of giving the עידית of the ניזק, then comes the פסוק and tells you you have to give the עידית of the מזיק. No, no! It's not fulfilling the מיטב of the ניזק. It's not מיטב, it does not have the category of מיטב. Because it's better, it doesn't have the דין of מיטב, so it's not מיטב of the ניזק, it's better. Yeah. According to this, no. According to this פשט, no. You'd have to give עידית, yeah. Okay.

So we have this מחלוקת. Okay? What is the מחלוקת based on? So normally we would learn that the מחלוקת is based on how you learn פשט in the Gemara, another מחלוקת of the ראשונים. How you learn פשט in the Gemara, what the Gemara said, according to Rabbi Yishmael, that the פסוק also helps. The גזירה שוה tells you that you could give the best of the ניזק even though it's your זיבורית. Comes the פסוק, comes the the והאי קרא, the פסוק tells you that if your זיבורית is less, you can't give the זיבורית because it's less than עידית of the ניזק, you've got to give the more. What does that mean? You could learn two ways the Gemara: You could learn one way peshat in the Gemara that what the Gemara is telling you is that there would be a sevara for some reason, we'll see later, that if you don't have exactly like the עידית of the ניזק, because your זיבורית is less, so the the פסוק tells you you got to give something that's more. If you can't give exactly, and you have a choice of giving less or more, the פסוק tells you you have to give the more. That's one way to learn. That's simple. Another way to learn is that what the פסוק tells you is that if you can't give the עידית of the ניזק, there's a פסוק that tells you מיטב שדהו, you got to give the עידית of the מזיק. So the example of the Gemara, it makes no difference how you learn. The way the Gemara gives an example, that he has זיבורית which is less than the עידית of the ניזק, and he has עידית which is more than the עידית of the ניזק, so whichever way you're going to learn, it's the same thing. That the Torah tells you you cannot give your זיבורית because it's less, you got to give the more. Whether we learn that the פסוק teaches you you always got to go above, not the lower one, or we learn that the פסוק teaches you that you have to give or his best or his best, whichever way you give עידית. The nafka mina will be if it's not his best, but it's his בינונית. So the first sevara that says you could give your בינונית learned peshat in the Gemara, what does that mean? That the פסוק tells you that do not give the lower, you have to give something more. Something more! And like you said, that includes already the best of the ניזק, you got to give more. Mimeila, according to that peshat, if you have בינונית, that's more, you could give בינונית. So the גזירה שוה tells you that you have to, you could give your זיבורית if it's equal to the ניזק, and then the pasuk tells you that you still got to give the best of the ניזק, so therefore you give whatever is above if you don't have equal. So בינונית would be good. The Rosh learns that's not the peshat in the Gemara. What the Gemara says that the pasuk also, they work, the גזירה שוה works and the pasuk works. The גזירה שוה works that you have to give the best of the ניזק. Comes the pasuk and tells you no! Yeah, it tells you yeah, you give the best of the ניזק if you're able to. If not, there's a new din, you got to give the best of the מזיק. It's or עידית דפלוני! Sometimes it's the best of the ניזק, sometimes the best of the מזיק. And therefore, if it's בינונית and it's not the best of the מזיק, you can't give it, you got to give עידית. The shaila on this, according to this is, comes out according to the second shita, which is the Rosh's shita, that according to Rabbi Yishmael it's not necessarily true that we always follow the ניזק. Sometimes you follow the ניזק, sometimes you follow the מזיק. See, according to the first way, he learns clearly you always have to give the ניזק. That's it, got to give the ניזק. If you can't give it, give the next one. According to the second way, no, Rabbi Yishmael doesn't say you always follow the ניזק. We have a pasuk, we have a גזירה שוה, sometimes it's the ניזק, sometimes it's the מזיק. The question is, how come according to that he always stresses the ניזק? Look at the beginning, the beraita: תנו רבנן, מיטב שדהו, מיטב שדהו של ניזק. מיטב שדהו של ניזק. According to the Rosh, it's not the ניזק. Sometimes it's the ניזק, sometimes not. Look in the Gemara, when the Gemara says, when the Gemara gives the example of, I mean, what about, what's the machloket? What's the machloket? Rabbi Yishmael holds ניזק שאימינן, we always follow the ניזק, and Rabbi Akiva says the מזיק. It's not true! According to the first way, it's true. He takeh always follows the ניזק. And the fact that sometimes you give something higher because you don't have the equal one, and you can't give the lower one, you give the higher one, but it's still, the idea is always the ניזק. So he says it's the ניזק. But according to the Rosh's way, the way we just explained, comes out that the Rosh learns that the pasuk tells you that you got to give the מזיק's. So what, you can't make a, like a clear-cut statement that Rabbi Yishmael